Cytoskeleton

Question 1

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 1

Family including keratin and nuclear lamins
Ropelike polymers that do not reorganise
Function: tensile strength, structural suppport, less dynamic

Question 2

Cytokeratins

Answer 2

Epithelial cells. They are important for maintaining the structural integrity of cells, particularly those that experience mechanical stress. In liver cells, cytokeratins are often used as a marker for the presence of intrahepatic cholestasis.

Question 3

Vimentin

Answer 3

Mesenchymal cells. It is important for maintaining the structural integrity of cells, particularly those that experience mechanical stress. In tumor cells, vimentin expression is often used as a marker for the presence of mesenchymal-like properties.

Question 4

Desmin

Answer 4

Muscle cells. It is important for maintaining the structural integrity of muscle cells, particularly during muscle contraction. In tumors, desmin expression is often used as a marker for the presence of muscle-derived cells.

Question 5

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)

Answer 5

Astrocytes in CNS. It is important for maintaining the structural integrity of astrocytes and supporting their function in regulating the microenvironment of the brain. In tumors, GFAP expression is often used as a marker for the presence of astrocytic-derived cells.

Question 6

Nestin

Answer 6

Stem cells and progenitor cells. It is important for maintaining the structural integrity of these cells and regulating their differentiation into various cell types. In tumors, nestin expression is often used as a marker for the presence of stem cell-like properties.

Question 7

Where are neurofilaments found?

Answer 7

Axons

Question 8

Lamins

Answer 8

Nuclear lamina, define nuclear shape, and can
regulate transcription.

Question 9

Which microtubule type indicates stem-cell like properties in a tumour?

Answer 9

Nestin

Question 10

Which microtubule type indicates liver disease?

Answer 10

Cytokeratin