Cytology Slides Flashcards
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Gall bladder done with H&E staining - Simple columnar epithelium can be observed.
The inner surface of the gall bladder is covered by the mucosa. The surface is made up of a simple columnar epithelium.
The epithelial cells have microvilli, and look like absorptive cells in the intestine.
Underneath the epithelium is the lamina propria.
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Thyroid gland - done with H&E staining
Thyroid follicular cells form a simple cuboidal epithelium and are arranged in spherical thyroid follicles surrounding a fluid filled space known as the colloid.
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Glabrous skin - done with Azan staining - stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
Cells of various shapes (columnar, polygonal, squamous).
Nuclei stained red, cytoplasms in different shades of red or orange.
The cells most superficially located don’t have a nucleus.
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Acid phosphatase. Liver (Method of Gomori)
Lysosomes contain a substrate that react with acid phosphatase enzyme to make granules (brown) the hypotocyte are aligned toward central veins.
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Succinate dehydrogenase - Kidney (Tetrazolum method or Nachlas method)
Succinate is an enzyme that plays an important role in the krebs cycle.
Located in the inner mithocondrial membrane
Found in cardiac, striated muscle, renal tubules
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Glygogen - Live Periodic Acid - Schiff stain (PAS) reaction
- Slides show glycogen in hepatocytes (in liver)
- Glycogen all red spots, Glycogen is not evenly distributed
- Positive PAS reaction proves the presence of alpha-glycogen
- Glycogen released in fasting stage (when rats have not eaten).
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Lipids - Subcutanous (skin) adipose tissue
Sudan III staining (lipid soluble)
At low magnification, orange-yellow adipose tissue is seen.
Separated are loose conenctive tissue
At high magnification, large round to oval cells (unicular adipocytes in clusters)
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Mucopolysaccharides - mucous acini - in sublingual gland - alcian blue staining
The cytoplasm of the mucous cells is almost entirely taken up by mucopolysaccharides (mucus)
and nuclei is located at the base of cells and has a slightly flattened shape
The protein producing cells are stained in reddish
Their nuclei are centrally located and round
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Cell Boundries - Simple Squamous Epithelium (omentum) - silver impregnation
Omentum is large flat adipose tissue layer on surface of intraperiotoneal organs
Polygonal shaped
Doesn’t display cell nuclei so middle seems empty
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Stereocillia - Epididymis - H&E staining
Stereocillia are located on the apical surface of the cell lining the tubules of the epididymis.
The tubules of the epididymis are lined with epithelium consisting of two cell types: tall columnar and basal cells.
The apical pole of the columnar cells dense projections, stereocillia, protrude in the lumen.
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Brush Borders - Small intestine - H&E staining
The microvilli are located on the apical surface of the columnar epithelial cells, enterocytes
The microvilli are covered with a well-developed glycocalyx
At higher magnification, they look like apicial striations, which is what forms the brush border
The nuclei of the enterocytes are stained blue by the hematoxylin and are located in the basal third of the cell
The cytoplasm is stained pink by eosin.
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Mitochondria - Kidney - Iron Hematoxylin staining
Black empty spherical cells
Nuclei unstained
Seen at high magnification
In the tubular cells, dark-coloured granules are observed which are selectively stained mitochondria found at the basal cellular compartment
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Golgi apparatus - spinal ganglion - silver impregnation
Modified silver nitrate impregnation procedure after Da Fano is used
High magnification, a dorsal root spinal ganglion, the large pseudounipolar neurons are examined to observe the Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus appears as a deep brown structure around the nucleus
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Secretory Vesicles - Pancreas - Iron Hematoxylin staining
At a high magnification, the pancreatic acini (rich in secretory vesicles)
The secretory vesicles appear as discrete dark blue granules found in the apical pole of the cells
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Elongated nuclei - small intestine - H&E staining
First the muscle layer should be identified at a low magnification, it can be found beneath the mucosa
Its smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped and eosinophillic
At a higher magnification, the basophilic nuclei of the myocytes are observed. They are elongated and centrally located
In the inner muscle layer, the myocytes are oriented circularly (their nuclei appear longitudinally positioned)
In the outer layer, the myocytes are oriented parallel to the axis of the gut and smaller, circular profiles of the nuclei can be seen
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Spherical Nuclei - Dorsal root (spinal) ganglion - H&E staining
You can observe the lightly stained large and spherical nerve cell nuclei.
The nuclei of the neurons mostly contain euchromatin and look pale because of this
The nucleolus appears prominent and intensely stained. This pattern looks like ‘an owls eyes’
They cytoplasm is basophilic because of the numerous ribosomes
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Spherical Nuclei - Dorsal root (spinal) ganglion - H&E staining
You can observe the lightly stained large and spherical nerve cell nuclei.
The nuclei of the neurons mostly contain euchromatin and look pale because of this
The nucleolus appears prominent and intensely stained. This pattern looks like ‘an owls eyes’
They cytoplasm is basophilic because of the numerous ribosomes
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Simple Squamous Epithelium (mesothelium) - Peritoneum - Silver Impregnation stain
At a low magnification, you can see a field demonstrating the dark stained borders between the adjacent mesothelial cells.
The peritoneum is a very thin membrane and its cells are visualised from above
The polygonal shape of the cells can be seen at medium and high magnification
You cannot see the cell nuclei on this slide but it can be stained with H&E later on to be observed
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Simple squamous epithelium in parietal layer of the Bowman’s capsule - Kidney, H&E stain
At a low magnification, the renal cortex can be seen
Then you can see round shaped structure, (the renal corpuscles)
At medium magnification, you can see corpuscle with its structural components (the glomerular capillary tuft, surrounded by a double layered Bowman’s capsule
At a high magnification, you can see the outer layer of the capsule which is lined by simple squamous epithelium
The cell borders are not very clear but the nucleus is protruding and visible
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Simple cuboidal covering epithelium in excretory ducts - Submandibular gland - H&E stain
The excretory ducts are round shaped structures with a lumen and can be found at low and medium magnification
At higher magnification, simple cuboidal epithelium (lining the ducts) can be seen
These structures have round centrally located nuclei and their width and height are approximately the same
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Simple columnar secretory epithelium - stomach, H&E stain
At a low magnification, the mucosa of the stomach (which is lined by single columnar secretory epithelium) can be seen
At a medium and high magnification, you can see tall columnar cells that have their nuclei located basally
The part of the cell cytoplasm that contains mucous secretory products is lightly stained with eosin
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Simple columnar absorptive epithelium - Small Intestine - H&E stain
The small intestines has villi which are lined by simple columnar absorptive epithelium
The cells can be seen at medium and high magnification
The enterocytes have a basally located nucleus and intensely stained cytoplasm
They have many microvilli (which form the brush border)
Goblet cells can be seen among the enterocytes but they appear empty because the H&E stain does not stain the mucous they produce
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Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated Epithelium - Trachea - Masson Trichrome stain (this stain is also used to show collagen fibres)
The Masson trichrome stain stains collagen fibres blue and the cells are seen as red or orange.
At a low and medium magnification, you can see the pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium as well as the basement membrane under it (stained intensely blue)
At high magnification, you can see the cilia of the respiratory epithelium
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Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium - Trachea - H&E
The innermost layer should be observed, where the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium can be seen
At medium and high magnification, the epithelium appears to be stratified, even though all the cells are arranged in one layer and rest on the basement membrane
It appears stratified because of the pyramidal shape of the cells and their arrangment
The nuclei are seen at various different levels
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Transitional Epithelium - Urinary Bladder - H&E stain
At a low magnification, the transitional epithelium which lines the inner surface of the wall of the urinary bladder
The epithelial cells are arranged in five to six layers
At medium and high magnification, you can see the basal cells, the pear shaped cells and the umbrella cells
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Stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium - Eosphagus, H&E stain
At a low magnification you can see the inner surface of the organ wall, lined by stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium.
At a higher magnification numerous cell layers can be seen.
These cell layers are made up of columnar cells, the intermediate layer has polygonal-shaped cells. The superficial cells are squamous and nucleated.
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Simple Tubular Glands - pylorus of the stomach - H&E staining
Low magnification - you can see the mucosa of the pylorus
High magnification - the branched tubular pyloric glands with wide lumens are seen
The cells of the gland are seen through a lightly stained eosinophilic cell cytoplasm because of the mucous secretory products
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Compound alveolar gland - parotid gland - H&E stain
At low magnification, you can see intensely stained serous cells of the glandular secretory portions
The empty areas are lobules of adipose connective tissue and these lipids are extracted during the tissue preparation
At high magnification, you can see the serous cells which have round shaped and basally located nuclei. You can also see intensely stained cell cytoplasm because of the many zymogen granules
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Compound Alveolar Gland (mucous acini) - sublingual gland, H&E staining
The secretory portions of the sublingual gland have mainly mucous and some mixed acini.
At low magnification, you can see a file of mucous acini and.
At a higher magnification you can see the mucous acini clearly.
The mucous cells have basally located nuclei and a lightly stained cell cytoplasm.
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Compound Alveolar Gland (mixed acini) - Submandibular gland, H&E stain
The secretory portions of the submandibular gland have serous and mixed acini.
At low magnification, you can see a field of mixed acini.
At a higher magnification, you can see the arrangement of the mucous and the serous cells.
The mucous ones have lightly stained cytoplasm and basally located nuclei, while the serous cells are intensely stained and in the peripheral position.
Due to this, they look like demilunes (half moons of Gianuzzi-Heidenhein),
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Endocrine cell - Subprarenal cortex - H&E stain
The subprarenal has an outer portion, the cortex and inner portion, the medulla.
We have to locate the suprarenal cortex.
At a high magnification, you can see three distinct zones, 1) The outer zone represented by ovoid clusters of small sized cells (zona glomerulose).
2) The middle zone of larger cells, arranged in straight cords (zona fasciculata).
3) The innermost zone where the cells are arranged in anastomosing cords (zona reticularis).
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Mesenchyme - Phalanx (fetus) - H&E stain
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Loose connective tissue - hypodermis - H&E stain
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Dense regular connective tissue - Tendon - H&E stain
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Reticular connective tissue - lymph node - Gomori silver impregnation
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White (unilocular) adipose connective tissue - hypodermis - H&E stain
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Brown - (multilocular) adipose connective tissue - interscapular region of newborn - H&E stain
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Hyaline cartillage - trachea - H&E stain
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Elastic cartillage - Auricle - Orcein stain
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Fibrocartilage - intervertebral disc - H&E stain
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Bone tissue - Diaphysis of bone - Schmorl staining
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Endochondral ossification - phalanx of a fetus - H&E stain
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Peripheral blood smear - Romanowsky - Giemsa staining
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Red bone marrow - Romanowsky - Giemsa stain
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Red bone marrow - phalanx of new born - H&E stain
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Smooth muscle tissue - small intestine - H&E stain
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Skeletal muscle tissue - iron hematoxylin
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Skeletal muscle tissue - H&E
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Cardiac muscle tissue - Heart ventricle - H&E Stain
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Cardiac muscle tissue - Bundle of Hiss - H&E stain
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Multipolar neurons - spinal cord - Nissl stain
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Pseudounipolar neurons - spinal ganglion - H&E stain
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Pyramidal and stellate neurons and glial cells - cerebral cortex - silver impregnation
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Neurosecretory neurons - hypothalamus - paraldehyde fuchsin stain
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Nerve fibers - peripheral nerve - H&E stain
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Myelinated nerve fibers - peripheral nerve - osmium tetroxide impregnation
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Oocytes in ovarian follicles - ovary - H&E stain
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Isolated oocye - touludine blue stain
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Spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules - Testis - H&E stain
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Sperm cells - human semen smear - iron hematoxylin stain
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Late organogesis - Chicken embryo - H&E stain
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Umbillical cord - H&E stain
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Full term placenta - H&E stain
