Cytology

Question 2

What is cell’s flexible outer surface called?

Answer 2

Plasma membrane

Question 3

What are all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus called?

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

What is another term for ‘intracellular fluid’?

Answer 4

Cytosol

Question 5

What are the little organs within the cytoplasm called?

Answer 5

Organelles

Question 6

What is the large organelle which houses most of the cell’s DNA called?

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

Describe the plasma membrane

Answer 7

A phospholipid bilayer with markers Like a fluid mosaic A selective barrier that regulates the flow of materials into and out of a cell.

Question 8

Which are the protein factories?

Answer 8

Ribosomes

Question 9

What can be rough or smooth

Answer 9

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

What makes the rough ER rough? I

Answer 10

Bubbles of ribosomes

Question 11

Which are the suicide sacks?

Answer 11

Lysosomes

Question 12

Which are the energy powerhouses?

Answer 12

Mitochondria

Question 13

What is the energy currency

Answer 13

ATP

Question 14

What bit of a cell do only plants have

Answer 14

Cell wall Fibre comes from when eating our greens

Question 15

What type of cell has no nucleus- the RNA/DNA is dispersed throughout cytoplasm

Answer 15

Prokaryotic

Question 16

Which type of cell has a complex cell wall

Answer 16

Prokaryotic

Question 17

Which type of cell has a nucleus

Answer 17

Eukaryotic

Question 18

Which type of cell has no organelles (except ribosomes)

Answer 18

Prokaryotic

Question 19

Which type of cell is always single Unicellular organism

Answer 19

Prokaryotic

Question 20

What is the ‘rats tail’ of a cell called

Answer 20

Flagellum

Question 21

Which organelle does respiration take place in

Answer 21

Mitochondria

Question 22

What is the function of the plasma membrane

Answer 22

Controls traffic in and out of cell

Question 23

Define the two layers of phospholipids

Answer 23

Hydrophilic, water loving, heads to the outside Hydrophobic, water hating, tails to the inside

Question 24

Where are the trans membrane proteins and describe their 3 functions

Answer 24

Span through the plasma membrane surrounded by the phospholipid bi-layer. Immunological identity (combined with carbohydrate molecules) Receptors for hormones etc Transport proteins

Question 25

Which is the only eukaryotic cell without a nucleus and why

Answer 25

Erythrocytes red blood cells More room for haemoglobin which carries oxygen Bendier so travels more easily

Question 26

What is at the edge of the nucleus?

Answer 26

Nuclear membrane

Question 27

What is at the centre of the nucleus Describe it

Answer 27

Nucleolus Spherical cluster of protein DNA and RNA. Visible when cell is not dividing

Question 28

Where are chromosomes found and what are they?

Answer 28

Found in a cell's nucleus Long threads of DNA Each made up of many genes

Question 29

What do DNA molecules carry?

Answer 29

The genetic code which determines the characteristics of a living organism.

Question 30

What is a gene

Answer 30

A section of DNA which codes for a specific protein Unit of heredity Can be copied and passed on to next gen

Question 31

What is the structure of DNA

Answer 31

double helix

Question 32

What are two types of markers in the cell membrane?

Answer 32

(transport) proteins Carbohydrate chains

Question 33

DNA is in the nucleus within strands of -

Answer 33

chromatin

Question 34

What do mitochondria produce with the help of oxygen

Answer 34

ATP

Question 35

What re the inner folds of the mitochondria called

Answer 35

Cristae

Question 36

which is the 2nd largest organelle

Answer 36

Mitochondria

Question 37

Which organelles make up 25% cell mass?

Answer 37

Ribosomes

Question 38

Describe two types of Ribosomes

Answer 38

stationary - embedded in rough ER mobile - injects proteins directly into cytoplasm

Question 39

Where does the Endoplasmic Reticulum stretch to and from

Answer 39

cell membrane to nucleus

Question 40

What does the rough ER do?

Answer 40

Ribosomes embedded synthesizes/transports proteins

Question 41

What does the smooth ER do?

Answer 41

Synthesises/transports lipids/steroid hormones breakdown toxins

Question 42

What is Krebs cycle?

Answer 42

Part of cellular respiration

Question 43

Where would you find the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 43

Near the nucleus

Question 44

How are Glogi Apparatus composed?

Answer 44

Numerous membranous layers forming a sac

Question 45

What do Golgi A. do?

Answer 45

packages proteins from the ER

Question 46

Which is the packaging plant of the cell?

Answer 46

Golgi Apparatus

Question 47

Which are smaller - Vesicles or Vacuoles

Answer 47

Vesicles

Question 48

Describe the structure of Vesicles & Vacuoles

Answer 48

Membrane bound sacs containing a fluid solution

Question 49

Which are the pick up trucks of the cell moving things around?

Answer 49

Vesicles and Vacuoles

Question 50

What is the function of Vesicles/Vacuoles?

Answer 50

Storage, digestion, waste removal, transport. Move substances between structures within the cell AND in and out of the cell.

Question 51

Which is the special type of vesicle containing strong digestive enzymes?

Answer 51

Lysosomes

Question 52

What happens if a Lysosome ruptures?

Answer 52

Strong digestive enzyme will digest whole cell.

Question 53

What is the function of the lysosomes?

Answer 53

Digest what they can, spit out what they can't! Digestive plant for proteins, lipids and carbs transports digested material to cell membrane for removal

Question 54

Where are microtubules found?

Answer 54

Form Cytoskeleton Flagella Cilia assembled in the centrioles

Question 55

What are long, un-branched hollow tubes of protein?

Answer 55

Microtubules

Question 56

What support and shape the cell?

Answer 56

Microtubules

Question 57

Describe function of microtubules

Answer 57

support/shape cell aids movement of materials in/out of cell aids movement of cell as forms cilia & flagella Aids cell division/reproduction in Centrioles

Question 58

Which are the paired cylindrical organelles in the shape of an X?

Answer 58

Centrioles

Question 59

Where are centrioles found?

Answer 59

In the Centrisome near the nucleus

Question 60

What are centrioles made of?

Answer 60

microtubules

Question 61

How many sets of X shaped centralise are there in a cell?

Answer 61

9

Question 62

Which key process are the Centrioles involved in?

Answer 62

Cell division.

Question 63

2 main functions of plasma membrane

Answer 63

contain cell contents controls cellular traffic

Question 64

role of proteins in plasma membrane

Answer 64

transport immunological identity act as receptors