Cytology

Question 1

Cytology definition

Answer 1

study of cells in terms of structure, function and chemistry

Question 2

Histology definition

Answer 2

study of the fine detail of biological cells and tissues using microscopes to look at specimens of tissues that have been carefully prepared using special processes called “histological techniques”

Question 3

Cell theory

Answer 3

• All cells are membrane enclosed units filled with and aqueous solution of chemicals (cytoplasm) and genetic instructions (DNA) - in higher organism’s cells contain cell organelles
• organisms consist of nothing but cells, transformed cells and material produced by cells (apart from ingested materials and free fluid)
• all cells arise from pre-existing cells by division

Question 4

Magnification

Answer 4

ratio of image size to object size

Question 5

Resolution

Answer 5

ability to produce separate images of closely positioned objects

Question 6

Prokaryotes

Answer 6

single celled organisms without a nucleus

Question 7

Eukaryotes

Answer 7

single celled or complex multicellular organisms. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and cell organelles

Question 8

Tissue

Answer 8

aggregation of cells and intercellular substances can assemble into a variety of tissues.

Question 9

Four types of tissue

Answer 9

epithelia, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue

Question 10

Organs

Answer 10

consist of various arrangements of the four basic tissues

Question 11

Epithelia

Answer 11

closely adherent cells found on surfaces. Epithelium lines the respiratory and digestive system; vessels and ducts; the body cavities, organs, the body surface

Question 12

Connective tissue

Answer 12

provides frameworks, supports the entire body, consists of loosely aggregated cells dispersed in intercellular material

Question 13

Muscle tissue

Answer 13

Produce mechanical force by contraction. Produce coordinated body movements. Commonly referred to as fibers. Bundles of fibers are arranged with their long axes aligned parallel to the direction contraction.

Question 14

Three categories of muscle

Answer 14

skeletal, smooth and cardiac

Question 15

Nervous tissue

Answer 15

consists of long lived highly specialized neurons and their supporting neuroglia. Transmit electrical and chemical stimuli and are characterized by their specialized processes: dendrites and axons