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Biology > Cytology > Flashcards

Cytology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is cytology?

A

The study of cells.

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2
Q

What is the fundamental model of biology that says that:
1. Cells are the smallest form of life.
2. Cells come from preexisting cells.
3. Cells are the basic building blocok of all life forms and carry out life processes to maintain life.

A

Cell theory

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3
Q

What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

A

Unicellular are made up on only one cell, whereas multicellular are made up of two or more cells.

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4
Q

How do you call a group of cells that live and work together?

A

A colony

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5
Q

A group of cells that are specialized to perform a particular function in the body is a _________________.

A

Tissue

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6
Q

When two or more tissues work together to perform a particular function, they form a structure named _________________.

A

Organ

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7
Q

When two or more organs work together to perform a funcion in the body, they form a _________________.

A

System

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8
Q

Muscles are an example of (tissue/organ/system).

A

Tissue

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9
Q

The heart is an example of (tissue/organ/system).

A

Organ

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10
Q

The system that the heart is a part of is the _________________.

A

Circulatory system

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11
Q

How do you call the structures found inside the cells?

A

Organelles

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12
Q

Do all cells have a nucleus?

A

No, not all cells hace a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, but prokaryotoic cells do not hace a nucleus.

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13
Q

All cells (animal, plant, bacteria…) contain a thick fluid substance inside. What is it called?

A

Cytoplasm

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14
Q

What is the name for the structure that helps cells maintain their shape?

A

Cytoskeleton

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15
Q

Some bacteria have a protective coating on their outside. What is it called?

A

Capsule

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16
Q

What is the name for the region in prokaryotic cells that contains most of the DNA?

A

Nucleoid

17
Q

Does the nucleiod have a membrane?

A

No, it doesn’t.

18
Q

Bacterias move thanks to two organelles, what are their names?

A

Cilium (short) and flagellum (long).

19
Q

In plant cells, there is a organelle that contains the pigment chlorophyll and is where photosynthesis happens. What is it?

A

Chloroplast

20
Q

Inside the chloroplast, there are stacks of disk-shaped thylakoids named…

A

Granum

21
Q

The cellullar organelle that is in charge of the protein-building process is the…

A

Ribosome

22
Q

There are two organelles that consist of a network of membranes used to transport substantes throughout the cell. They are:

A

The rough endoplasmatic reticulum (rough ER) and the smooth endoplasmatic reticulum (smooth ER).

23
Q

What is the difference between the smooth endoplasmatic reticulum and the rough endoplasmatic reticulum?

A

The rough endoplasmatic reticulum has ribosones attached to it, but the smooth doesn’t.

24
Q

In plan cells there is an organelle that holds materials (mainly water) and helps maintain the shape of the cell. How is it called?

A

Vacuole

25
Q

What is a leucoplast?

A

It is an organelle in plant cells that stores starches, lipids and proteins.

26
Q

In plants, fungi and bacteria you can find a layer surrounding the membrane (it creates a double layer of protection). What is the name for it?

A

Cell wall

27
Q

What part of the eukaryotic cells contains the DNA?

A

Nucleus

28
Q

How do you call the genetic material inside an eukaryotic cell constisting of DNA and proteins?

A

Chromatin

29
Q

What is a lipid bilayer?

A

Two layers of phospholipids that make up a cell membrane.

30
Q

What organelle contains digestive enzymes?

A

Lysosomes

31
Q

What organelle is encharge of processing and packaging proteins?

A

Golgi apparatus

32
Q

What organelle functions in the organization of microtubules?

A

Centrosome

33
Q

There is a VERY important organelle that is able to perform aerobic respiration and releases energy from food. What is it?

A

Mitrochondrion

34
Q

How do you call the membrane of phospholipids and proteins surrounding the cell?

A

Cell membrane

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