Cytokinesis Flashcards
What structure do plant cells form during cytokinesis?
Cell plate
The cell plate is formed as a structure to divide the two daughter cells.
How do plant cells change shape during cytokinesis?
Do not change shape
Plant cells maintain their shape throughout the division process.
What induces cell division in plant cells?
Cytokines
Cytokines are signaling molecules that play a role in cell division.
What is absent in plant cells that is typically present in animal cells?
Centrosomes
Plant cells lack centrosomes, which are critical for organizing microtubules in animal cells.
What type of spindle is formed in plant cells?
Anastral
Anastral spindles lack centrioles, which are present in animal cells.
Is midbody formation identified in plant cell cytokinesis?
Not identified
Midbody formation is a characteristic not observed in plant cell division.
Are microfilaments involved in plant cell division?
Not involved
Unlike animal cells, microfilaments do not play a role in plant cytokinesis.
In what direction does the cell plate occur during cytokinesis in plant cells?
Centrifugally
The cell plate expands outward from the center towards the cell walls.
Where does mitotic cell division occur in plants?
Meristems
Meristems are regions of growth in plants where cell division takes place.
What structure do animal cells form during cytokinesis?
Cleavage furrow
The cleavage furrow is an indentation that helps in the division of animal cells.
How do animal cells change shape during cytokinesis?
Become round
Animal cells round up as they undergo division.
Is there a hormone for the induction of division in animal cells?
No
Unlike plant cells, no specific hormone induces division in animal cells.
What is essential for animal cell division?
Centrosomes
Centrosomes play a crucial role in organizing the mitotic spindle in animal cells.
What type of spindle is formed in animal cells?
Amphiastral
Amphiastral spindles have centrioles present and are involved in proper chromosome separation.
Does midbody form during cytokinesis in animal cells?
Yes
Midbody formation occurs as the cleavage furrow deepens during division.
Are microfilaments involved in cytokinesis for animal cells?
Yes
Microfilaments are critical for the formation of the cleavage furrow in animal cells.
In what direction does cleavage occur during animal cell cytokinesis?
Centripetally
Cleavage furrow formation pulls the membrane inward toward the center of the cell.
Where does mitotic cell division occur in animals?
Bone marrow and many epithelia
These tissues are sites of active cell division for growth and repair.
What is a key difference in chromosome replication between mitosis and binary fission?
Mitosis: Chromosomes are replicated; Binary Fission: DNA is replicated
Mitosis involves complex processes with multiple checkpoints, while binary fission is simpler.
What is a major use of mitosis?
Growth and repair
Mitosis is essential for increasing cell numbers during growth and healing.
What is a significant outcome of mitosis?
Forms two membrane-bound nuclei
This results in two genetically identical daughter cells.
How does the speed of mitosis compare to binary fission?
Slower process comparatively
Mitosis is generally a more time-consuming process than binary fission.
How many subphases does mitosis have?
5 subphases
The five subphases of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
Which cells utilize mitosis?
Eukaryotes with membrane-bound organelles
Only eukaryotic cells undergo mitosis, unlike prokaryotes.
What is a key characteristic of binary fission?
Simple and very fast process
Binary fission allows for rapid reproduction, especially in prokaryotes.
What is a drawback of binary fission compared to mitosis?
Less reliable process
Binary fission lacks the checkpoints that ensure accurate division in mitosis.
How many subphases does binary fission have?
No subphases
Binary fission is a straightforward process without the complexity of subphases.
What type of cells can use binary fission?
Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes (some single-celled eukaryotes)
This method is primarily associated with prokaryotic organisms, but some eukaryotes also reproduce this way.
What does binary fission provide for genetic diversity?
Genetic diversity
While binary fission typically produces identical daughter cells, genetic diversity can arise from mutations.
What does binary fission create?
Two identical daughter cells
This process results in two cells that are genetically identical to the original.
