Cytokines & Chemokines Flashcards
TNF
- Enhances NADPH Oxidase activity
- Activation of inductive NITRIC OXIDE Synthase
IL- 1 & TNF (Synergistic)
- Inflammation
- Macrophages to secrete(IL-1, 6, 12, TNF) & (IL-8 & MCP-1)
- Endothelial Cells –> De Novo Expression of I-CAM, V-CAM, and E-Selectin & enhanced expression of ICAM-2
- Endothelial Cells –> Secrete IL-8 and MCP-1
- Synergistically act on Hypothalamus to induce Fever & key role in lowering Blood Pressure
IL-2
- Growth Factor for T Cells
- Enhances NK Cell Cytotoxicity
- Key role pCTL to CTL differentiation
IL-3
Hematopoietic- Important for both Myeloid and Lymphoid Progenitor Cell Development
IL-4
- Isotype switch to IgE
- Down Regulation of Th1 Cytokine production
- Down Regulation of iNOS (NOT as effective as TGF-Beta)
- Shifts Th0 to Th2 phenotype
IL-5
- Hematopoiesis differentiation of Eosinophils
- Chemotactic for Eosinophils; recruiting Eosinophils to Tissues
- Activation + of Eosinophils
IL-6
- Stimulus for secretion of C-REACTIVE protein from Hepatocytes (Inflammation)
- In the presence of TGF-Beta, IL-6 plays a role in differentiation of Thp cells to Th17 cells
IL-7
- Hematopoiesis- Role for B and T Cell differentiation
- Bone Marrow & Thymus
IL-10
- Downregulates IL-12 secretion by Dendritic Cells and Macrophages (Leads to Downregulation of Th1 Cytokines)
- Downregulates iNOS but is NOT as effective as TGF-Beta
- Inhibitory molecule
IL-12
-Activates +NK cells to secrete IFN-Gamma (enhanced if either IL-15 or IL-18 is present)
IL-13
- In lung mediator of Allergic Asthma
- Helminth Infections (Nematodes- Roundworms)
IL-15
-Plays a role along with IL-12 to induce NK cells to secrete IFN-Gamma
IL-17
- Induces expression of pro-inflammatory (IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, G-CSF) & Metalloproteinases from Macrophages and other cell types
- Autoimmune Disorders if Th17 cells specific for self-antigen
- Chemotactic for Neutrophils
- Key role FUNGAL Infections and Extracellular Bacterial Infections
IL-18
-Plays a role along with IL-12 in inducing NK cells to secrete IFN-Gamma
IL-21
Growth Factor (Amplification) of Th17 Cells
IL-22
Proinflammatory- Elevated in Inflammatory Conditions (Rheumatoid Arthiritis and Psoriasis)
IL-23
- Differentiation of Thp to Th17 cells in the presence of TGF-Beta & IL-6 or IL-1
- Profinflammatory Cytokine that is composed of 2 subunits (p19 and p40)
- p40 subunit common to both IL-12 and IL-23
- Elevated in Multiple Sclerosis, Psoriasis, and Chron’s Disease
IL-33
- MAST CELLS
- IL-33 up regulated in intestinal Parasite infection
- Th2 cells receptor of IL-33
- IL-33 member of Alarmin family (molecules released on tissue necrosis)
- IL-33 released when Endothelial Cells or Epithelial Cells undergo damage/necrosis
- Can trigger multiple immunological processes as a result of TRAUMA or infection (e.g activate Mast Cells)
- Dysregulated IL-33 contributes to Asthma, Arthiritis, and. Inflammatory Bowel Disorder
IFN-Gamma
- Activates iNOS
- Enhances activation of NADPH Oxidase
- Downregulates production of Th2
- Critical for Th0 Differentiation to Th1
- Along with IL-2 promotes pCTL to CTL differentiation
- Enhances expression of Class I MHC on Nucleated Cells
- Enhances expression of Class II MHC on Antigen Presenting Cells
IFN-Alpha and IFN-Beta
- Triggers production of enzymes* that interfere with replication of some viruses
- *2’5 Oligoadenylate Synthetase
- Inhibition T Cell proliferation
- Increase expression of Class I MHC to Nucleated Cells
TGF-Beta
- Downregulation of iNOS
- Critical for differentiation of Th0 cells to a/I Tregs
- In the presence of IL-6 or IL-1 and IL-23 –> Differentiation Thp cells to Th17
GM-CSF
- Hematopoiesis
- Differentiation of Myeloid Progenitor to GM Progenitor
- Mobilization and Activation of Dendritic Cells
G-CSF
- Hematopoiesis
- Differentiation of GM progenitor to granulocyte/neutrophil
M-CSF
- Hematopoiesis
- Differentiation of GM-Progenitor to Monocyte
