Cytokines, CDs, and abbreviations Flashcards
IL-12
Heterodimer
produced by dendritic cells
activates NK cells and Th1
IL-23
heterodimer
IL-27
Heterodimer
IL-35
Heterodimer
p40
common signaling peptide for IL-12 and IL-23
IL-2
Th1 cytokine cell mediated response DTH (delay-type hypersensitivity) decreased by cAMP required for CD8+ development
IFN-gamma
Th1 cytokine cell mediated response inhibits Th2 CTL (Tc1) generation NK cells are an important source of IFN-gamma. increase macrophages
IL-4
Th2 cytokine
Humoral/B cell response
Antagonized IFN-gamma
shares a gamma chain with IL-7, IL-9, IL-15
Promotes class switching to IgG1 and IgE (T cells influence the class of the B cell)
IL-5
Th2 cytokine
Humoral/B cell response
IL-10
Th2 cytokine
Humoral/B cell response
Indirectly inhibits IFN-gamma and IL-2
Also a Treg soluble cytokine
IL-17
Th17 cytokine
inflammation
cross-regulates Treg
gp130
signal transducing peptide for IL-6, IL-11, CTNF, LIF
JAK
Janis Kinase
kinase found on cytokine receptors (hematopoeitic, interferon, and GPCRs)
STAT
phosphrylated by JAKs
transcription factor that sends the cytokine message intracellularly
T-bet
Th1 Transcription factor
GATA-3
Th2 Transcription factor
RORgammaT
Th17 Transcription factor
FOXP3
Treg Transcription factor
Treg cells take a lot of IL-2, used to decrease T cell activation
ERK, p38, JNK
MAP kinase effector molecules
cause inflammation
CD3
6 polypeptide complex that associates with TCRs to transduce intracellular signal
Has ITAMs with ZAP-70
activated/phosphrylated by p56lck
RSS
recombination specific sequences
flag sites for splicing/recombination in the variable heavy/light chains.
12bp sequence always pairs with a 23bp sequence
RAG1 & RAG2
recombination activating genes
only expressed in B or T cells
part of the V(D)J recombinase enzyme used for recombining spliced variable regions.
CDR
complementarity determining regions.
segments of the BCR variable region that undergo somatic hypermutation to become more specific to a given antigen.
AID
Activation induced adenosine deaminase cuts S regions of the constant heavy chain for class switching (IgA, IgG, IgE, etc.) Also involved in somatic hypermutation of CDRs in variable BCR regions.
B220
on the surface of lymphoid progenitors that are destined to be B cells
Ig alpha/beta
complex associated with the BCR to transduce signals.
Uses ITAMs
Syk
Mechanism of B cell intracellular signaling
A src family tyrosine kinase
phospharylated by ITAMs
Syk -> BLK -> PLCgamma2 + Btk -> NFkB
CD40
costimulatory molecule on B cells, for B cell activation
CD40 Ligand
costimulatory molecule on T cells for B cell activation
TLRs
recognize PAMPs, and DAMPs
on macrophages and dendritic cells
part of the innate immune response
C3d
product of the complement pathway.
involved in crosslink activation of B cell (TI-2) by LPS or peptidoglycan of bacteria.
CD21
1 side - bound the B cell
other side - associates with C3d from complement pathway
involved in crosslink activate of B cells (TI-2) by bacterial molecules
CD4
a market for a T helper cell
CD8
a marker for a cytotoxic T lymphocyte
CCR7
A chemokine receptor that homes molecules to secondary lymphoid tissue
Attracts early T lymphocytes from the thmic cortex to the thymic medulla for -‘ve selection
CD45
first step in the TCR/CD3 signaling pathway
removes an inhibitory phosphate from p56lck
p56lck
phosphorylates ITAMs on CD3
activated ZAP-70.
ZAP-70
activated LAT
LAT
produces GEF and PLCgamma
GEF pathway
GEF -> Ras -> Raf -> MEK -> ERK -> Elk -> Fos + Jun = AP-1
AP-1
an immediate gene produced from TCR activation
transcription factor
NFkB
inhibitory IkB is removed by IKK
NFkB can translocate to the nucleus to alter transcription
an immediate gene of TCR activation
from the DAG pathway or the Syk pathway
PLCgamma
produces IP3 and DAG
IP3 pathway
IP3 -> calcineurin -> NFAT
NFAT
an immediate gene of TCR activation
transcription factor
DAG pathway
DAG -> PKC -> NFkB
VLAs, CD2, and ICAMs
adhesion factors
CD28
+‘ve TCR costimulation
CTLA-4
-‘ve/inhibitory TCR coostimulation
activates IDO -> decreases inflammation
CD80/CD86
B7 family
receptor of both CD28 and CTLA-4
inhibitory or activating
CD25
marker on Tregulatory cells
CD44
marker for effector memory T cells
homing to tertiary lymphoid tissue?
CD-62L
L-selectin
homing to secondary lymphoid tissue
TNF
soluble Th1 molecule
released by macrophages and NK cells
TGF-beta
soluble Treg cytokine
inhibitory cytokine
Fas Ligand
membrane bound on CD8+ (CTL)
found in vesicles on NK cells
induces apoptosis when activated
Perforin
released by NK cells, eosinophils, and CTLs
induce apoptosis
inserts into the membrane to make pores
perforin and granzyme = Tc1 CTL effector phase
perforin only = Tc2 CTL effector phase
CD-16
found on all cells that do antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
eg. neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, NK cells.
Granzyme
released by neutrophils and CTLs
induces apoptosis
activate caspases and cytochrome C. Increase Bax and Bak (pro-apoptosis markers)
perforin + granzyme = Tc1 CTL effector phase
lytic enzymes
released by neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages
used to kill things with IgG antibody coating
MadCAM-1
binds LPAM-1
homing to mucosa
LPAM-1
binds MadCAM-1
homing to mucosa
IFN-alpha/beta
via TLRS
innate immune response to viruses
activates NK cells
PKR
blocks protein translation in viruses
Mx
polymerization is targeted in viruses to inhibit transcription and assembly of the viral DNA/RNA
RNAse L
used to degrade viral RNA
C3a/C5a
anaphlotoxins
cause mast cell degranulation
Bcl-2
Anti-apoptosis signal
IgFcR
receptor for IgG constant region (Fc) to downregulate the activity of B cells
IDO
found in Treg cells
activated by CTLA-4
decreased inflammation
prostaglandins
increase cAMP
decrease IL-2
IL-1, TNF, IFN-gamma
inflammatory cytokines
EAE
induced MS in mice
HLA-B27
allele that makes people more succeptible to autoimmune diseases
