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MICI 3115 > Cytokines, CDs, and abbreviations > Flashcards

Cytokines, CDs, and abbreviations Flashcards

1
Q

IL-12

A

Heterodimer
produced by dendritic cells
activates NK cells and Th1

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2
Q

IL-23

A

heterodimer

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3
Q

IL-27

A

Heterodimer

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4
Q

IL-35

A

Heterodimer

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5
Q

p40

A

common signaling peptide for IL-12 and IL-23

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6
Q

IL-2

A 
Th1 cytokine
cell mediated response
DTH (delay-type hypersensitivity)
decreased by cAMP
required for CD8+ development
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7
Q

IFN-gamma

A 
Th1 cytokine
cell mediated response
inhibits Th2
CTL (Tc1) generation 
NK cells are an important source of IFN-gamma. 
increase macrophages
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8
Q

IL-4

A

Th2 cytokine
Humoral/B cell response
Antagonized IFN-gamma
shares a gamma chain with IL-7, IL-9, IL-15
Promotes class switching to IgG1 and IgE (T cells influence the class of the B cell)

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9
Q

IL-5

A

Th2 cytokine

Humoral/B cell response

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10
Q

IL-10

A

Th2 cytokine
Humoral/B cell response
Indirectly inhibits IFN-gamma and IL-2
Also a Treg soluble cytokine

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11
Q

IL-17

A

Th17 cytokine
inflammation
cross-regulates Treg

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12
Q

gp130

A

signal transducing peptide for IL-6, IL-11, CTNF, LIF

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13
Q

JAK

A

Janis Kinase

kinase found on cytokine receptors (hematopoeitic, interferon, and GPCRs)

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14
Q

STAT

A

phosphrylated by JAKs

transcription factor that sends the cytokine message intracellularly

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15
Q

T-bet

A

Th1 Transcription factor

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16
Q

GATA-3

A

Th2 Transcription factor

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17
Q

RORgammaT

A

Th17 Transcription factor

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18
Q

FOXP3

A

Treg Transcription factor

Treg cells take a lot of IL-2, used to decrease T cell activation

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19
Q

ERK, p38, JNK

A

MAP kinase effector molecules

cause inflammation

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20
Q

CD3

A

6 polypeptide complex that associates with TCRs to transduce intracellular signal
Has ITAMs with ZAP-70
activated/phosphrylated by p56lck

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21
Q

RSS

A

recombination specific sequences
flag sites for splicing/recombination in the variable heavy/light chains.
12bp sequence always pairs with a 23bp sequence

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22
Q

RAG1 & RAG2

A

recombination activating genes
only expressed in B or T cells
part of the V(D)J recombinase enzyme used for recombining spliced variable regions.

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23
Q

CDR

A

complementarity determining regions.

segments of the BCR variable region that undergo somatic hypermutation to become more specific to a given antigen.

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24
Q

AID

A 
Activation induced adenosine deaminase
cuts S regions of the constant heavy chain for class switching (IgA, IgG, IgE, etc.)
Also involved in somatic hypermutation of CDRs in variable BCR regions.
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25
Q

B220

A

on the surface of lymphoid progenitors that are destined to be B cells

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26
Q

Ig alpha/beta

A

complex associated with the BCR to transduce signals.

Uses ITAMs

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27
Q

Syk

A

Mechanism of B cell intracellular signaling
A src family tyrosine kinase
phospharylated by ITAMs
Syk -> BLK -> PLCgamma2 + Btk -> NFkB

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28
Q

CD40

A

costimulatory molecule on B cells, for B cell activation

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29
Q

CD40 Ligand

A

costimulatory molecule on T cells for B cell activation

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30
Q

TLRs

A

recognize PAMPs, and DAMPs
on macrophages and dendritic cells
part of the innate immune response

31
Q

C3d

A

product of the complement pathway.

involved in crosslink activation of B cell (TI-2) by LPS or peptidoglycan of bacteria.

32
Q

CD21

A

1 side - bound the B cell
other side - associates with C3d from complement pathway
involved in crosslink activate of B cells (TI-2) by bacterial molecules

33
Q

CD4

A

a market for a T helper cell

34
Q

CD8

A

a marker for a cytotoxic T lymphocyte

35
Q

CCR7

A

A chemokine receptor that homes molecules to secondary lymphoid tissue
Attracts early T lymphocytes from the thmic cortex to the thymic medulla for -‘ve selection

36
Q

CD45

A

first step in the TCR/CD3 signaling pathway

removes an inhibitory phosphate from p56lck

37
Q

p56lck

A

phosphorylates ITAMs on CD3

activated ZAP-70.

38
Q

ZAP-70

A

activated LAT

39
Q

LAT

A

produces GEF and PLCgamma

40
Q

GEF pathway

A

GEF -> Ras -> Raf -> MEK -> ERK -> Elk -> Fos + Jun = AP-1

41
Q

AP-1

A

an immediate gene produced from TCR activation

transcription factor

42
Q

NFkB

A

inhibitory IkB is removed by IKK
NFkB can translocate to the nucleus to alter transcription
an immediate gene of TCR activation
from the DAG pathway or the Syk pathway

43
Q

PLCgamma

A

produces IP3 and DAG

44
Q

IP3 pathway

A

IP3 -> calcineurin -> NFAT

45
Q

NFAT

A

an immediate gene of TCR activation

transcription factor

46
Q

DAG pathway

A

DAG -> PKC -> NFkB

47
Q

VLAs, CD2, and ICAMs

A

adhesion factors

48
Q

CD28

A

+‘ve TCR costimulation

49
Q

CTLA-4

A

-‘ve/inhibitory TCR coostimulation

activates IDO -> decreases inflammation

50
Q

CD80/CD86

A

B7 family
receptor of both CD28 and CTLA-4
inhibitory or activating

51
Q

CD25

A

marker on Tregulatory cells

52
Q

CD44

A

marker for effector memory T cells

homing to tertiary lymphoid tissue?

53
Q

CD-62L

A

L-selectin

homing to secondary lymphoid tissue

54
Q

TNF

A

soluble Th1 molecule

released by macrophages and NK cells

55
Q

TGF-beta

A

soluble Treg cytokine

inhibitory cytokine

56
Q

Fas Ligand

A

membrane bound on CD8+ (CTL)
found in vesicles on NK cells
induces apoptosis when activated

57
Q

Perforin

A

released by NK cells, eosinophils, and CTLs
induce apoptosis
inserts into the membrane to make pores
perforin and granzyme = Tc1 CTL effector phase
perforin only = Tc2 CTL effector phase

58
Q

CD-16

A

found on all cells that do antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
eg. neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, NK cells.

59
Q

Granzyme

A

released by neutrophils and CTLs
induces apoptosis
activate caspases and cytochrome C. Increase Bax and Bak (pro-apoptosis markers)
perforin + granzyme = Tc1 CTL effector phase

60
Q

lytic enzymes

A

released by neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages

used to kill things with IgG antibody coating

61
Q

MadCAM-1

A

binds LPAM-1

homing to mucosa

62
Q

LPAM-1

A

binds MadCAM-1

homing to mucosa

63
Q

IFN-alpha/beta

A

via TLRS
innate immune response to viruses
activates NK cells

64
Q

PKR

A

blocks protein translation in viruses

65
Q

Mx

A

polymerization is targeted in viruses to inhibit transcription and assembly of the viral DNA/RNA

66
Q

RNAse L

A

used to degrade viral RNA

67
Q

C3a/C5a

A

anaphlotoxins

cause mast cell degranulation

68
Q

Bcl-2

A

Anti-apoptosis signal

69
Q

IgFcR

A

receptor for IgG constant region (Fc) to downregulate the activity of B cells

70
Q

IDO

A

found in Treg cells
activated by CTLA-4
decreased inflammation

71
Q

prostaglandins

A

increase cAMP

decrease IL-2

72
Q

IL-1, TNF, IFN-gamma

A

inflammatory cytokines

73
Q

EAE

A

induced MS in mice

74
Q

HLA-B27

A

allele that makes people more succeptible to autoimmune diseases

MICI 3115 (1 decks)

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