Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Inflammation and Wound Healing Exam 1 > Cytokines and Their Receptors > Flashcards

Cytokines and Their Receptors Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three ways cytokines act?

A
  • autocrine
  • paracrine
  • endocrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does pleiotropic activity mean?

A

one cytokine induces different biological effects depending on target cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does redundant activity mean?

A

two cytokines mediate similar effects on the target cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does synergy effect mean?

A

the combined effect of two cytokines is greater than the additive effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the antagonistic effect?

A

inhibition of one cytokines effect by another’s actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the cascade effect?

A

a cytokine induces other cells to produce additional cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what cytokines are unique to T helper 1 subset?

A

IFN-gamma, lymphotoxin (TNFB)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what cytokines are unique to T helper 2 subset?

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which cytokines induce inflammation?

A

IL-1B, TNF-a, and IL-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which cytokines suppress inflammation?

A

TGFB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which chemokine effects lymphocyte movement and how?

A

IL-8 induces adhesion molecules on leukocytes and endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what do adhesion molecules function as?

A

a co-stimulatory molecule on antigen presenting cells to activate MHC class II restricted T cells and in association with the MHC class I to activate cytotoxic T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what important role do adhesion molecules play when expressed on epithelium?

A

diapedesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the four families of adhesion molecules ?

A
  • selectins
  • integrins
  • immunoglobulin like adhesion molecules
  • cadherins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what induces adhesion molecules?

A

cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are selectins?

A

adhesion molecules that bind to carbohydrates, adhere weakly and mediate the rolling and thumbling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are integrins?

A

adhesion molecules that mediate interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix that are used for arrest and adhesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are immunoglobulin like adhesion molecules?

A

intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM 1) on endothelium plays an important roll in trans-endothelial migration of leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are cadherins?

A

involved in embryonic development, tumor metastasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

describe the interleukin 1 family

A

important inflammatory mediators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe class 1 (hematopoietin) cytokine family

A

exhibit striking sequence and functional diversity

22
Q

describe class 2 (interferon) cytokine family

A

important roles in antiviral responses and important modulators of immune response

23
Q

describe the tumor necrosis factor family

A

either soluble or membrane bound and involved in immune system development, effector functions and homeostasis

24
Q

describe the interleukin-17 family

A

function to promote neutrophil accumulation and activation and are pro-inflammatory

25
Q

describe the chemokine family

A

all serve chemoattractant function

26
Q

what is the function of erythropoietin ?

A

red blood cell production

27
Q

what is the function of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)?

A

stimulation of diverse set of granulocyte macrophage colonies

28
Q

what is the function of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)?

A

granulocyte stimulation

29
Q

what is the function of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)?

A

macrophage stimulation

30
Q

what is the function of interleukin-3?

A

granulocyte, macrophage, eosinophil, megakaryocyte and erythroid colony formation

31
Q

what is the function of interleukin-2?

A

T-cell proliferation

32
Q

what are the common cytokine receptor subunits and what do they recognize?

A
  • gamma c: interleukin 2,4,7,9,15, and 12
  • beta c: interleukin 3 and 5 and GM-CSF
  • gp130: interleukin 6, 11 and 27, LIF, OSM, CNTF
33
Q

the action of IL-2 is controlled by binding affinity to what?

A

IL-2 receptor aka CD25

34
Q

where is the IL-2 receptor expressed?

A

antigen activated T cells

35
Q

what are the three peptides of an IL-2 receptor?

A
  • IL-2R alpha
  • IL-2R beta
  • IL-2R gamma-c
36
Q

which peptides bind IL-2 with low, medium and high affinity?

A
  • low: IL-2R gamma c MONOMER
  • intermediate low: IL-2R beta and IL-2R gamma c DIMER
  • High: IL-2R alpha, IL-2R beta and IL-2R gamma c TRIMERIC
37
Q

what do high levels of IL-2 favor?

A

development of the effector T cells

38
Q

what do low levels of IL-2 favor?

A

promotes differentiation of memory T cells

39
Q

what does IL-2 inhibit the differentiation of?

A

TH-17 and TFH cells

40
Q

what are the effects and indications for the IFN-alpha cytokine?

A
  • EFFECTS: antiproliferative and antiviral
  • INDICATIONS: chronic hepatitis C infection, AIDS related Kaposi’s sarcoma and hairy cell leukemia
41
Q

what are the effects and indications for the IFN-gamma cytokine?

A
  • EFFECTS: immunostimulatory and antiviral
  • INDICATIONS: control of infection in chronic granulomatous disease
42
Q

what are the effects and indications for the IL-2 cytokine?

A
  • EFFECTS: immunostimulatory
  • INDICATIONS: renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma
43
Q

what are the effects and indications for the erythropoietin cytokine?

A
  • EFFECTS: stimulates erythropoiesis
  • INDICATIONS: anemia associated with chronic renal failure
44
Q

what are the effects and indications for the G-CSF cytokine?

A
  • EFFECTS: stimulates granulocyte production
  • INDICATIONS: reversal of neutropenia after chemotherapy, radiation therapy or both
45
Q

what are the effects and indications for the GM-CSF cytokine?

A
  • EFFECTS: stimulates granulocyte and monocyte/macrophage production
  • INDICATIONS: reversal of neutropenia after chemotherapy, radiation therapy or both
46
Q

what are the effects and indications for the Basiliximab antibody?

A
  • EFFECTS: anti-IL-2 receptor
  • INDICATIONS: prevention of acute organ rejection in kidney transplant patients
47
Q

what are the effects and indications for the Cetuximab antibody?

A

-EFFECTS: anti-epidermal growth factor receptor

  • INDICATIONS: solid organ tumors refractory to standard treatments
48
Q

what are the effects and indications for the Daclizumab antibody?

A
  • EFFECTS: anti-IL-2 receptor
  • INDICATIONS: prevention of acute organ rejection in kidney transplant patients
49
Q

what are the effects and indications for the Adalimumab antibody?

A
  • EFFECTS: anti-TNF-alpha
  • INDICATIONS: moderate to severe Rheumatoid arthritis refractory to standard treatments
50
Q

how does Entanercept act as a receptor decoy in rheumatoid arthritis?

A

a biologic drug that acts as a “fake” TNF-α receptor, preventing TNF-α from causing inflammation

Inflammation and Wound Healing Exam 1 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions