Cytokines and Their Receptors Flashcards
what are the three ways cytokines act?
- autocrine
- paracrine
- endocrine
what does pleiotropic activity mean?
one cytokine induces different biological effects depending on target cells
what does redundant activity mean?
two cytokines mediate similar effects on the target cells
what does synergy effect mean?
the combined effect of two cytokines is greater than the additive effect
what is the antagonistic effect?
inhibition of one cytokines effect by another’s actions
what is the cascade effect?
a cytokine induces other cells to produce additional cytokines
what cytokines are unique to T helper 1 subset?
IFN-gamma, lymphotoxin (TNFB)
what cytokines are unique to T helper 2 subset?
IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13
which cytokines induce inflammation?
IL-1B, TNF-a, and IL-6
which cytokines suppress inflammation?
TGFB
which chemokine effects lymphocyte movement and how?
IL-8 induces adhesion molecules on leukocytes and endothelial cells
what do adhesion molecules function as?
a co-stimulatory molecule on antigen presenting cells to activate MHC class II restricted T cells and in association with the MHC class I to activate cytotoxic T cells
what important role do adhesion molecules play when expressed on epithelium?
diapedesis
what are the four families of adhesion molecules ?
- selectins
- integrins
- immunoglobulin like adhesion molecules
- cadherins
what induces adhesion molecules?
cytokines
what are selectins?
adhesion molecules that bind to carbohydrates, adhere weakly and mediate the rolling and thumbling
what are integrins?
adhesion molecules that mediate interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix that are used for arrest and adhesion
what are immunoglobulin like adhesion molecules?
intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM 1) on endothelium plays an important roll in trans-endothelial migration of leukocytes
what are cadherins?
involved in embryonic development, tumor metastasis
describe the interleukin 1 family
important inflammatory mediators
describe class 1 (hematopoietin) cytokine family
exhibit striking sequence and functional diversity
describe class 2 (interferon) cytokine family
important roles in antiviral responses and important modulators of immune response
describe the tumor necrosis factor family
either soluble or membrane bound and involved in immune system development, effector functions and homeostasis
describe the interleukin-17 family
function to promote neutrophil accumulation and activation and are pro-inflammatory
