Cytokines and chemokines Flashcards

1
Q

Cytokines that mediate and regulate innate immunity

A

IL1, IL6, IL10, IL12
TNF alpha
INFa/b/gamma

MOA: act on endothelial cells and leukocytes to stimulate innate responses

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2
Q

Cytokines that mediate and regulate adaptive immunity

A

IL2, IL4, IL5, TGFb

MOA: act on lymphocyte to stimulate and regulate adaptive response to antigen.

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3
Q

Cytokines that stimulate haematopoesis

A

Stem cell factor, IL3, IL7, GM-CSF.

MOA: act on bone marrow to stimulate growth and differentiation of leukocytes and lymphocytes.

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4
Q

Chemokines that control homeostasis

A

CCL 14, 19, 20, 21, 25, 27, CXCL21, CXCL13

MOA; control the migration of cells during the normal development and maintenance of tissues and lymphoid organs

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5
Q

Inflammatory chemokines

A

CXCL8, CCL2,3,4,5, 11, CXCL10.

MOA: produced in response to infection or injury and direct migration of leukocytes into the infected or damaged cells.

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6
Q

Angiogenic chemokines

A

CXCL1-14

Promote angiogenesis

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7
Q

Cytokines produced by Th 1

A

IFN a/b
IL-1b
IL-6
TNF a

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8
Q

Cytokines produced by Th1/Th17 which has effects in the adaptive response

A
IFN gamma
IL-17
IL-2
IL-12/23
TNFbeta
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9
Q

Cytokines produced by Th2

A

IL4, IL5, IL10

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10
Q

Anti inflammatory cytokines produced by T regs

A

IL 10

TGFb

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11
Q

Function of TNFa

A

Inflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation leading to diverse range of signalling within cells, leading to necrosis/apoptosis

Assoc. in: RA, Ank Spond, Psoriatic Arthritis, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, UC, Chrons.

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12
Q

IL 1

A

leads to inflammation, promotes fever and sepsis.

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13
Q

IL 2

A

Growth factor for activated T cells. CD28 dependent co stimulation of activate T cells induces expression of the high affinity IL-2 receptor.

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14
Q

IL 6

A

Produced by T cells, macrophage, endothelial cell. Induces local and systemic inflammation and acute phase response.

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15
Q

IL 12/IL 23

A

Dimeric molecule sharing one chain in common (P40). Produced by Th1 and Th17.

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16
Q

IL 17

A

Mobilise and activate neutrophils.

Defect in this causes autoimmunity

17
Q

IL 10

A

Anti-inflammatory, attenuate production of inflamatory cytokine.

But not useful in controlling disease such as psoriatic arthritis, RA, UC.

18
Q

Examples of anti-TNFa

A
  • infliximab
  • centolizumab
  • adalimumab
  • golimumab
19
Q

Etanercept

A

TNF receptor fused to Fc portion of IgG -> becomes a competitive inhibitor

20
Q

Tozilizumab

A

mab agains IL6Ra.
Indication: RA and Juvenile RA
Giant cell arteritis

21
Q

Anakinra

A

human recombinant IL-1RA (antagonist)

PBS indication: CAPS

Indication:
Gout, RA, behcet’s, Ank Spond, Uveitis

22
Q

Basiliximab

A

blocks IL-2R on activated T cells.

Indication:

  • prevent organ transplant rejection.
  • GVHD
  • uveitis
23
Q

p40 inhibitor

A

(IL12/IL23)
Targeting p40 can attenuate both Th1 (driven by IL12) and Th17 (enhanced by IL23)

e. g. ustekinumab and briakinumab.
indication: chrons, psoriatic arthropathy, chronic plaque psoriasis.

ALso RA despite MTIX, refractory GCA, Takayasu arteritis, Ank spond, Behcet’s.

24
Q

Secukinumab

A

Inhibitory IL17A mab

Indication:
psoriasis, psoriatic arthropathy, Ank spond, ?MS

25
Q

Tofacitinib

A

JAK1 and JAK 3 inhibitor

Inhibit cytokine induced cell activation and thus inflammation.

Similar benefit in RA to adalimumab

26
Q

Fostamatinib

A

inhibit spleen tyrosine kinase which inhibit downstream synthesis of proinflammatory cytokine