Cytokines

Question 1

What does G-CSF stand for?

Answer 1

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

Question 2

What cells make Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)?

Answer 2

Basic tissue cell- Fibroblasts

Question 3

What is the function of the Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)?

Answer 3

Stimulates production of neutrophils and their release into the blood

Question 4

What does IFNa stand for?

Answer 4

Interferon alpha

Question 5

What cells make interferon-alpha (IFNa)?

Answer 5

Infected cells-usually virus

Question 6

What is the function of interferon-alpha (IFNa)?

Answer 6

Increases anti-viral responses
Increases MCH1 levels on cells
Causes autocrine release of IFNb

Question 7

What does IFNb stand for?

Answer 7

Interferon beta

Question 8

What cells make Interferon-beta (IFNb)?

Answer 8

Infected cells -usually virus

Question 9

What is the function of Interferon-beta (IFNb)?

Answer 9

Increases anti-viral responses

Increases MHC1 levels on cells

Question 10

What does INFy stand for?

Answer 10

Interferon gamma

Question 11

What cells make Interferon-gamma (IFNy)?

Answer 11

T cells (particulary T helper type 1)
NK cells
Intraepithelial lymphocytes in MALTs

Question 12

What is the function of Interferon-gamma (IFNy)?

Answer 12

Activates macrophages
Increases antigen presentation on MHC2
Induces class switching of B cells
Suppresses T helper 2 (Th2) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells

Question 13

What does IL stand for?

Answer 13

Interleukin

Question 14

What cells make Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1b)?

Answer 14

Macrophages and epithelial cells

Question 15

What is the function of Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1b)?

Answer 15

Proinflammatory : fever, activation of vascular endothelium to allow immune cells into tissue, T cell activation, macrophage activation

Question 16

What cells make Interleukin 2 (IL-2)?

Answer 16

T cells

Question 17

What is the function of Interleukin 2 (IL-2)?

Answer 17

T cell growth factor- promotes T cell proliferation and effector function

Question 18

What cells make Interleukin 4 (IL-4)?

Answer 18

Antigen presenting cells

T helper 2 cells (Th2)

Question 19

What is the function of Interleukin 4 (IL-4)?

Answer 19

Cause differentiation of naive T cells into Th2 cells. Th2 cells then make IL-4 which causes class switching of B cells

Question 20

What cells make Interleukin 5 (IL-5)?

Answer 20

Antigen presenting cells

Th2 cells

Question 21

What is the function of Interleukin 5 (IL-5)?

Answer 21

Like IL-4 (naive T cells into Th2 cells, which then release IL-5)
-also induces production of eosinophils

Question 22

What cells make Interleukin 6 (IL-6)?

Answer 22

Tissue cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, T cells, B cells

Question 23

What is the function of Interleukin 6 (IL-6)?

Answer 23

Proinflammatory : fever, activation of vascular endothelium to recruit immune cells
Acute phase protein production
Along with other cytokines, causes generation of Th17 and follicular helper T cells from naive T cells

Question 24

What cells make Interleukin 8 (IL-8)?

Answer 24

Macrophages, epithelial cells and other tissue cells

Question 25

What is the function of Interleukin 8 (IL-8)?

Answer 25

Chemokine !! | Attracts neutrophils into tissue

Question 26

What cells make Interleukin 10 (IL-10)?

Answer 26

Antigen presenting cells, T cells and B cells

Question 27

What is the function of Interleukin 10 (IL-10)?

Answer 27

Anti-inflammatory: suppresses responses of immune cells by stopping production of other cytokines. Induce naive T cells to become regulatory T cells

Question 28

What cells make Interleukin 12 (IL-12)?

Answer 28

Antigen presenting cells

Question 29

What is the function of Interleukin 12 (IL-12)?

Answer 29

Induces naive T cells to differentiate into Th1 cells which make IFNy

Question 30

What cells make Interleukin 13 (IL-13)?

Answer 30

Th2 cells

Question 31

What is the function of Interleukin 13 (IL-13)?

Answer 31

Helps B cell differentiation, inhibits macrophages and Th1 cells

Question 32

What cells make Interleukin 17 (IL-17)?

Answer 32

Th17 cells

Question 33

What is the function of Interleukin 17 (IL-17)?

Answer 33

Increases anti-microbial responses and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in tissues

Question 34

What cells make Interleukin 21 (IL-21)?

Answer 34

Follicular helper T cells

Question 35

What is the function of Interleukin 21 (IL-21)?

Answer 35

Maintaining germinal centre and promoting lymphocyte proliferation. Encouraging cells to become Th17 cells

Question 36

What cells make Interleukin 22 (IL-22)?

Answer 36

Th17 cells

Question 37

What is the function of Interleukin 22 (IL-22)?

Answer 37

Increases acute phase responses and proinflammatory cytokine production in tissues

Question 38

What cells make Interleukin 23 (IL-23)?

Answer 38

Antigen presenting cells

Question 39

What is the function of Interleukin 23 (IL-23)?

Answer 39

Induces Th17 cell differentiation and proliferation

Question 40

What does TGF stand for ?

Answer 40

Transforming Growth Factor

Question 41

What cells make Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFb)?

Answer 41

Antigen presenting cells and T cells

Question 42

What is the function of Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFb)?

Answer 42

Induces Th17 cells and induces class switching to IgA

Question 43

What does TNF stand for?

Answer 43

Tumour Necrosis Factor

Question 44

What cells make Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFa)?

Answer 44

Macrophages, NK cells and T cells

Question 45

What os the function of Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFa)?

Answer 45

Proinflammatory: fever, activation of vascular endothelium to allow immune cells into tissues