Cytokines

Question 1

IL-1

Answer 1

• secreted by: phagocytes

- function: stimulate IL-6, activate adaptive immunity (TH17), induce fever, activates endothelial cells

Question 2

IL-2

Answer 2

• secreted by all T cells

- function: survival signal for all T cells

Question 3

IL-4

Answer 3

• secreted by TH2, mast cells, and macrophages

- function: activates mast cells and eosinophils, inhibits macrophages and dendritic cells, promotes IgE and IgG4

Question 4

IL-5

Answer 4

• secreted by TH2 cells and mast cells

- function: promotes IgA, activates eosinophils

Question 5

IL-6

Answer 5

function: induce synthesis of acute phase proteins (complement, coagulation factors, C reactive protein, etc)

Question 6

IL-8 or CXCL8

Answer 6

• secreted by macrophages, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts
• function: chemokine that recruits neutrophils

Question 7

IL-12

Answer 7

• secreted by activated APCs

- function: promotes TH1, activates CD8 and NK cells

Question 8

IFN alpha and beta

Answer 8

antiviral effects, induce MHC I expression

Question 9

IFN gamma

Answer 9

• secreted by activated TH1 and CD8cells and NK cells

- function: induce MHC I and II, inhibit TH2, promote IgG1 and IgG3

Question 10

IL-10

Answer 10

• secreted by Treg, macrophages and dendritic cells

- function: inhibit IL-12, suppress cell mediated immunity

Question 11

TNF alpha

Answer 11

• secreted by macrophages primarily
• function: systemic inflammation (fever, shock),, local effects are to increase vascular permeability and activate endothelial cellls

Question 12

TGF beta

Answer 12

• secreted by macrophages and Treg cells

- function: inhibits proliferation of T cells, anit inflammatory, promotes IgA

Question 13

IL-17

Answer 13

• secreted by many cells
• function: proinflammatory (huge contributor to autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation), acts as neutrophil chemokine