Cytokines Flashcards
All T cells
IL-2, 7, 15 (cytokines)
CCL19/21 (chemokine)
CD40L (Receptor)
TH1 Associated
IL-2, 12, 18 (cytokines)
IFNgamma (cytokines)
TNFalpha (cytokines)
TH2 Associated
IL-3, 4, 5, 13 (cytokines)
CXCL13 (chemokine)
TH17 Associated
IL-1, 6, 17 (cytokines)
IFNlambda (cytokines)
T regs
IL-10 (cytokines)
IFNlambda (cytokines)
TGFbeta (cytokines)
Myeloid cells
IL-3 (cytokines)
G-CSF (cytokines)
GM-CSF (cytokines)
M-CSF (cytokines)
Neutrophils
IL-17 (cytokines)
CXCL8 (chemokine)
G-CSF (cytokines)
DCs
IL-3 (cytokines)
CD40L (Receptor)
IFNgamma (cytokines)
GM-CSF (cytokines)
Inflammatory
IL-1, 6, 18 (cytokines)
CXCL8 (chemokine)
TNFalpha (cytokines)
Death inducing
FasL (Receptor)
LTalpha/beta (cytokines)
TNFalpha (cytokines)
TRAIL (cytokines)
Inhibitory
TGFbeta (cytokines)
IL-10 (cytokines)
IL-1 alpha and beta
Function: fever, T cell activation, macrophage activation
Produced by: macrophage, epithelial cells, most cell types
Responders: T cells, B cells, DCs, macrophages, eosinophils, some neurons, FBs, endothelial cells, hepatocytes
IL-18
Function: induces IFNgamma production by T cells and NK cells, promotes TH1 differentiation
Producer: activated macrophage, kuppfer cells, DCs
Responder: T and NK cells
Result from inflammasome activation
G-CSF
Function: neutrophil, development and differentiation
Producer: FBs, BM stromal cells and monocytes
Responder: Neutrophil precursors
GM-CSF
Function: stimulates growth and differentiation of myelomonocytic lineage cells, particularly DCs
Producer: macrophages, T cells, FBs, endothelial cells
Responder: DC/macrophage precursors
M-CSF
Function: stimulate growth of cells of monocytes lineage, survival factor for macrophage progenitors and macrophages
Producer: T cells, BM stromal cells, osteoblasts, FBs, epithelial cells
Responder: common myeloid progenitors (CMP)
IL-2
Function: T cell proliferation, NK activation
Producer: T cells
Responder: T cells, B cells, NK cells
IL-3
Function: synergistic action in early hematopoiesis, DC differentiation, proliferation of all myeloid lineages
Producer: T cells, thyme epithelial cells, basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, BM stromal cells
Responder: CMPs, myeloid cells, especially DCs
IL-4
Function: B cell activation, IgE class switch, induces TH2 differentiation, defense against parasites, allergy responses
Producer: T cells, mast cells, ILC2, basophils, BM stromal cells
Responder: B and T cells
IL-5
Function: Eosinophil growth and differentiation, TH2 cytokine, B cell growth and differentiation, defense against parasites, allergy responses
Producer: T cells (TH2), mast cells, ILC2, eosinophils
Responder: Eosinophils and B cells
IL-6
Function: T and B cell cell growth and differentiation, acute phase, fever and more
Producer: T cells, B cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, BM stromal cells, FBs, endothelial and muscle cells, adipocytes and astrocytes
Responder: lots of cells, lymphocytes, epithelial cells
IL-7
Function: growth of ILCs (innate lymphoid cells), pre B cells, pre T cells, supports homeostatic proliferation of naive and memory T cells
Producer: stromal cells (BM and thymus), intestinal epithelial cells
Responder: pre B and pre T cells, T cells
IL-12
(2 subunits)
Function: activate NKs, induces TH1 differentiation
Producer: macrophage, B cells, DCs
Responder: NK cells, CD4 and CD8 T cells
IL-13
Function: enhances TH2 responses, B cell growth and differentiation, inhibits macrophage inflammatory cytokine production and TH1 cells, induces asthma/allergy response, increase IgE production, defense against parasites
Producer: T cells (CD4+ and TH2), ILC2, mast cells, NK cells
Responder: B cells, macrophage, T cells
Type I INF (IFN alpha/beta)
Function: antiviral, increase MHC I expression, inhibits cell proliferation
Producer: all cells (except RBCs), particularly leukocytes and DCs
Responder: all cells (except RBCs)
Type II IFN (IFN gamma)
Function: macrophage activation, TH1 differentiation, increase expression of MHC II and antigen processing, IgG class switch, suppress TH2
Producer: TH1 cells, NK cells, ILC1, some CD8+ T cells
Responder: macrophage, DCs, T cells and B cells
Type III IFN (IFN gamma; IL-28A,B and IL-29)
Function: antiviral, similar to IFN I, increase MHC expression, induces T reg proliferation
Producer: pDCs, epithelial cells, monocyte derived DCs, TH17 cells
Responder: some epithelial cells, leukocytes
IL-10
Function: suppressor of immune function, stimulates IgA secretion
Producer: monocytes, T regs, macrophages, DCs
Responder: T cells, B cells, macrophage
TNF alpha
Trimeric
Function: promotes inflammation, endothelial activation, cell proliferation and apoptosis
Producer: macrophage, monocytes, neutrophils, nK cells, T cells, FBs
Responder: most cell types, especially endothelial cells
LT alpha/beta
Lymphotoxin alpha/beta, TNF family member
Function: LT alpha-inflammation and immune activation, kills target cells, activates endothelium
LT alpha/beta- lymphoid organ development, DC maturation, NK cell differentiation
Producer: T cells, B cells, ILC1, NK cells, macrophage, some epithelial cells
Responder: endothelial cells, other target cells, lymphoid organ precursor cells
CD40L
Function: B cell activation, class switching
Producer: T cells, mast cells
Responder: B cells, APCs
BAFF/APRIL
Function: promotes B cell proliferation, development and survival, IgA class switching
Producer: activated T cells, monocytes, macrophages, DCs, B cells (BAFF only)
Responder: B cells, some T cells
FasL
Function: induces apoptosis, Ca2+-independent cytotoxicity
Producer: T cells, NK cells, others? (super helpful)
Responder: most cells
TRAIL
Function: induces apoptosis of activated T cells and tumor cells
Producer: T cells, monocytes
Responder: most cells especially T cells
IL-17
Function: induces cytokine production by epithelia, endothelia and FBs, proinflammatory, anti-EC bacterial immunity, indirectly attracts monocytes and neutrophils
Producer: TH17, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, gamma/delta cells, neutrophils, ILC3, intraepithelial lymphocytes
Responder: epithelia, endothelia, FBs
TGF-beta
Function: inhibits cell growth (T cells, B cells, ILCs, monocytes, macrophages), anti-inflammatory, induces class switch to IgA, enhances wound healing
Producer: Tregs, chondrocytes, some other T cells, platelets
Responder: B cells, T cells, some epithelial cells, ILCs macrophages, monocytes
IL-8 (CXCL8)
chemokine
Function: attracts inflammatory leukocytes
Producer: damaged epithelial and endothelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes
Responder: neutrophils, basophils, T cells (CD8s) and endothelial cells
Chemokines
ELR+: amino acids Glu-Leu-Arg, chemotactic for PMNs
ELR-: amino acids anything else, chemotactic for leukocytes
CCL2
Function: recruits monocytes
Responder: T cells, monocyte, basophil, immature DCs, NK cells
CXCL13
Receptor: CXCR5
Responder: Naive B cells, activated CD4 T cells, immature DCs and mature DCs
CCL19 and CCL21
CCL21: recruit cells into T cell zone of LN, receptor is CCR7
Other names: 6Ckine/SLC
Responder: Naive T cells, mature DCs, B cells, thymocytes, NK cells
CCL19: receptor is CCR7
Other names: MIP-3beta/ELC
Responder: Naive T cells, mature DCs, B cells
