Cytokines

Question 1

IL-1

Answer 1

Macrophage, Endothelium, Epithelium
Endothelial Cells: Activation (Inflammation, coagulation)
Hypothalamus: Fever
Liver: synthesis of acute phase proteins

Question 2

IL-6

Answer 2

Macrophage, Endothelium, Epithelium
Endothelial cells: Activation (inflammation, coagulation)
Hypothalamus: Fever
Liver: synthesis of acute phase proteins
B cells: proliferation of antibody producing cells

Question 3

TNF-a

Answer 3

Macrophages, T cells
Endothelial cells: activation (inflammation, coagulation)
Hypothalamus: fever
Liver: synthesis of acute phase proteins
Killing of tumor cells
Muscle, fat: catabolism (cachexia, wasting)

Question 4

IL-8

Answer 4

Macrophages, Fibroblasts, Endothelial Cells
Neutrophil: chemoattractant and activation
Endothelial Cells: Activation

Question 5

IL-12

Answer 5

Macrophages
T cells: promotes Th1 pathway
NK cells: activation and IFN-g synthesis

Question 6

IL-10

Answer 6

Macrophages, Th2 cells
Synthesized hours after IL-1,IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-a are produced to down regulate the immune response
Promotes Th2

Question 7

IL-2

Answer 7

Th cells (naive and Th1)
T cell: growth factor+++++
NK cell: enhanced activity+
B cell: growth factor induction of Ig production +/-

Question 8

IFN-g

Type 2 IFN

Answer 8

Th1, CD8, NK cells
Macrophage: activation+++++
NK cell: activation and enhancement of activities +++
Antiviral ++
Increased expression and presentation by class 1&2 MHC
T cell: promotes Th1/inhibits Th2 pathway
B cell: promotes class switching to IgG2 while inhibiting IgE

Question 9

TNF

Answer 9

Th1, CD8, NK cells
Macrophage: activation+++++
NK cell: activation and enhancement of activities +++
Antiviral ++
Increased expression and presentation by class 1&2 MHC
T cell: promotes Th1/inhibits Th2 pathway
B cell: promotes class switching to IgG2 while inhibiting IgE

Question 10

IL-4

Answer 10

Th2 cells
B cell: proliferation and differentiation +++++
B cell: IgE production (and IgG1 production)
T cell: promotes Th2/ inhibits Th1 pathway+++
Mast cell and basophil: differentiation/activation
Goblet cells: mucus production

Question 11

IL-5

Answer 11

Th2 Cells

Eosinophil: Differentiation and activation

Question 12

IL-13

Answer 12

Th2 cells
B Cell growth and differentiation
Inhibits Th1 cells and macrophage inflammatory cytokines
Associated with asthma/allergy

Question 13

IL-10

Answer 13

Th2 cells, Tregs, Macrophages
T cell: promotes Th2/inhibits Th1
Macrophage: inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines
Neutrophils: increased apoptotic death of neutrophils

Question 14

IL-17

Answer 14

Th17 cells
Stimulates neutrophil recruitment
Stimulates cytokine/chemokine production by fibroblasts and epithelial cells
Dendritic cells induce Th17 cells by exposing naive CD4 cells to high levels of TGF-B, IL-23 and IL-6 during activation

Question 15

TGF-B

Answer 15

Th cells, Tregs
Inhibits much of innate immunity
Anti-inflammatory
Recruits macrophages promoting clean up, fibroblast proliferation, and extracellular matrix deposition (healing & fibrosis)
Promotes sIgA

Question 16

IFN a&B

Type 1 IFN

Answer 16

Induced by virally infected cells
Antiviral ++++++
Increased MHC class 1 expression and presentation
NK cell: activation +
Macrophage: activation +

Question 17

Macrophage Induced Cytokines

Answer 17

IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a, IL-8, IL-12, IL-10

Question 18

Th1 cytokines

Answer 18

IL-2, IFN-g, TNF

Question 19

Th2 cytokines

Answer 19

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10