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Cytokines > Cytokines > Flashcards

Cytokines Flashcards

1
Q

What are the sources if IL-1?

A

Monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, tumour lines, epithelial cells, endothelial cells.

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2
Q

What are the targets of IL-1?

A

Th cells, B cells, NK cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, hypothalamus, etc.

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3
Q

What are the stimuli of IL-1?

A

Bacteria (endotoxins), viruses, fungi (zymosan), parasites, C5a, immune complexes, cytokines (CSF and gamma-IFN), and silica

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4
Q

What are the activities of IL-1 (hint: there are 9)?

A

Accessory molecules for APC-T cell interactions; acts on T-lymphocytes to produce IL-2; proliferation and differentiation of B cells and enhances antibody production; induces release of y-IFN and CSF; fever via prostaglandin mediated pathway; enhances NK cell activation; ICAM expression on endothelium; chemotactic for macrophages, PMN; acute phase proteins.

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5
Q

What are the source of IL-6?

A

Macrophages, monocytes, Th2, bone marrow, endothelial cells.

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6
Q

What are the targets of IL-6?

A

Th cells, B cells, plasma cells, myeloid stem cells, hepatocytes.

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7
Q

What are the activities of IL-6?

A

Costimulation T cell activation; terminal differentiation of B cells; stimulates antibody secretion; promotes differentiation of myeloid cells (neutrophils and macrophages); acute phase proteins.

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8
Q

What are the genes expressed by Th cells immediately following interaction with antigen?

A

C-Fos, c-Jun, NFAT, c-Myc, NF-kB.

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9
Q

What are the 6 T cell growth factors?

A

IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, IL-21

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10
Q

What are the genes expressed by Th cells early following interaction with antigens?

A

IFN-y, IL-2 and IL-2 receptor, IL-3, TGF-B, TNF-B, cyclin, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, c-Myb, GM-CSF, insulin receptor.

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11
Q

What are the genes expressed by Th cells late following interaction with antigens?

A

HLA-DR and VLA-1 to 5

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12
Q

What is the source of IL-2?

A

Th cells (Th0 cells and Th1 cells), and Tc cells.

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13
Q

What are the targets of IL-2?

A

Th cells, Tc cells, NK cells.

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14
Q

What are the activities of IL-2?

A

Proliferation of T cells, long term growth of T cell clones (no apoptosis), enhances Tc and NK cell activation (enhances cytotoxicity).

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15
Q

What is the general motif of T cell growth factors?

A

Four helix bundle cytokine.

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16
Q

What are the targets of IL-15?

A

Th and Tc cells, NK cells, etc.

17
Q

What are the activities of IL-15?

A

Recruitment of T cell precursors to thymus, proliferation of T cells, enhances Tc and NK cell activation.

18
Q

What is the structure and function of the IL-2/IL-15 receptor complex?

A

IL-2 and IL-15 use both the yc and B chain of the IL-2 receptor and a unique a chain. The a chain confers high affinity binding (also used to present IL-15 in trans). The B and yc chain signal via Jak1 and Jak3 respectively

19
Q

What are the 3 common features shared by all cytokine receptors?

A

All have: extracellular domain, single membrane-scanning domain, and a cytoplasmic domain

20
Q

What are the 5 families of cytokine receptors?

A

Immunoglobulin superfamily, Class 1 or hematopoietic receptor family, class 2 or interferon receptor family, TNF receptor family, chemokine receptor family.

21
Q

What are the 3 ligands for the immunoglobulin superfamily receptors?

A

IL-1, M-CSF, c-Kit

22
Q

What are the class 1 cytokine receptor (hematopoietic) ligands?

A

All T cell growth factors (IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, IL-21) and dimers (IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, IL-11, IL-12, IL-13, and GM-CSF).

23
Q

What are the class 2 receptor (interferon) ligands?

A

IFN-a, IFN-B, IFN-y, and IL-10 (stimulates same receptor as gamma interferon).

24
Q

What are the TNF receptor ligands?

A

TNF-a, UNF-B, CD40, FAS, and TRAIL.

25
Q

What are the chemokine receptor (G coupled receptor) ligands?

A

IL-8, RANTES, MIP-1, PF4, MCAF, NAP-2, CXCL, XCL, CX3CL, CCL.

26
Q

What are the 5 features of the Class 1/hematopoietic receptor family?

A

4 conserved cysteines, conserved WSXWS (Trp-Ser-X-Trp-Ser), heterodi(tri)meric (mostly heterodimeric), alpha (cytokine specific), beta/gamma (signals through JAK-STAT pathway)

27
Q

What are the hematopoietic receptor subfamilies?

A

IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-13, IL-15, IL-21 (share IL-2Ryc), GM-CSF (common beta subunits)

28
Q

What is the common subunit for the IL-6 receptor subfamily?

A

gp130

29
Q

What are the 3 receptors in the IL-6 subfamily?

A

IL-6, IL-11, IL-27 (also includes WSX1).

30
Q

What are the 3 domains of the IL-12 receptor families?

A

Cytokine-receptor homology domain, fibronectin-like domain, immunoglobulin-like domain.

31
Q

What is the subunit that is common within the IL-2 receptor subfamily? What 4 types of IL receptors have this subunit?

A

y subunit.

IL-2, IL-15, IL-7, and IL-4.

32
Q

What 2 receptor types act through the JAK-STAT pathway?

A

Class 1 and Class 2

Cytokines (1 decks)

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