Cytokines Flashcards
IL-1
Main Cell Source: Macrophages, B cells, NK cells
Target: T cells, B cells, macrophages, endothelium
Function: Lymphocyte activation, macrophage stimulation, increased leukocyte-endothelium adhesions, acute phase proteins
Type I- IFN beta
Origin: Most cells
Target: Most cells
Functions: Anti-viral, increased MHC I expression
Type II: IFN-y
Origin: NK, T-cells
Target: Macrophages, B cells, endothelium
Function: Increased MHC II expression, macrophage activation; IgG class-switching; suppress Th2 cells
What IL induces production of Th1?
IL-12
IL-12
Origin: Monocytes; dendritic cells
Target: Th1 cells, NK cells
Function: Differentiation of Th1 cells; activation of NK cells
What IL does TH1 produce?
IFN-y
IL-2
TNF-alpha
IL-2
Produced by T cells
Target: T cells and NK cells
Produced by activated T cells –> causes T and NK cell activation and proliferation
What IL does TH2 produce?
IL-4
IL-5
IL- 4
Main source: T cells, TH2 cells
Target: B cells!
- B-cell growth factor; isotype switching to IgE!
- suppresses Th1 cells
IL-5
Main source: TH2 cells
Target: B cells!
Function:
- Eosinophil growth
- Isotype switching to IgA
IL-17
Main source: TH17 cells
Function: Proinflammatory; pro-allergic; made my Th17 only
What do CD4 Regulatory cells do?
Suppress the immune system
What IL do CD4 Reg cells produce?
IL-10: Inhibits Th1 cells and inhibits cytokine synthesis
TNF-B: Inhibits cell activation; antiflammatory; promotes IgA secretion
What is FoxP3? What happens if you have a mutation in it?
CD4 cells express FoxP3. If you have a mutation, this leads to autoimmunity
CD-28
Expressed on T cells
Costimulatory (second signal molecule) fro T cell activation
IL-2
Produced by T cells
Target: T cells and NK cells
Produced by activated T cells –> causes T and NK cell activation and proliferation
CD-80
Also called B-7
Expressed on B cells and macrophages, DC
Binds to CD28 and CTLA-4. Costimulator for T cell activation
CD40
Expressed by B cells, macrophages:
Binds to CD154 (CD-40L); involved in activation of B cells, DCs and macrophages
CD-154 or CD40L
Expressed on activated CD4 T cells. Binds to CD40. Activates B cells and macrophages
TNF- alpha
Main source: Lymphocytes; mast cells
Target: many cells
Function: pro inflammatory; endothelial cells activation; shock; acute phase protein synthesis
