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Immunology final exam > Cytokine lecture > Flashcards

Cytokine lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is a cytokine?

A

Proteins secreted by cells that mediate the functions of the immune system
-regulate the intensity and duration of the immune response

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2
Q

Are cytokines necessary for leukocyte activation?

A

yes

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3
Q

Where do cytokines come from?

A 
From:
lymphocytes
monocytes/macrophages
all cells of adaptive and innate immunity
and some other cells
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4
Q

What does interleukin refer to?

A

It refers to the fact that one immune cell produces many proteins that act on neighboring cells (they work between cells)

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5
Q

Cytokines that attract cells are called _____.

A

Chemokines

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6
Q

Cytokine secretion is brief and _____ _____.

A

self-limited

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7
Q

Cytokine action is pleitropic and _____

A

redundant

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8
Q

T/F cytokines cannot act in synergy?

A

False they can

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9
Q

T/F cytokines cannot be antagonistic to each other

A

False they can

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10
Q

T/F cytokines influence each other.

A

true

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11
Q

Can cytokines act/work locally as well as systemically?

A

Yes

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12
Q

How is cytokine action initiated?

A

Via binding to specific membrane bound receptors

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13
Q

When a cytokine has the ligand/receptor interaction, what is the result?

A

gene expression that alters cellular function

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14
Q

The cytokines involved in innate immunity are typically responsible for what?

A

inflammation

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15
Q

Why are cytokines important for immunity?

A

They activate immune cells
They recruit immune cells to the site of infection
They help to activate the adaptive immune response

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16
Q

What is the principal mediator of the acute inflammatory response to gram-negative bacteria, endotoxic shock, and chronic inflammatory conditions?

A

TNF-a

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17
Q

What are the primary cells that make TNF-a

A

Monocytes, macrophages, NK cells, some DC cells and T cells

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18
Q

What is the role of TNF-a?

A

It stimulates the recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes, and activated T cells to the site of infection

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19
Q

High quantities of TNF-a leads to what?

A

septic shock, liver damage, blood clots in vessels

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20
Q

Moderate quantities of TNF-a leads to what?

A

Fever, liver loses acute phase proteins, hematopoiesis is affected

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21
Q

Low quantities of TNF-a leads to what?

A

it’s correct function- inflammatory response and recruiting other cells to the site of infection

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22
Q

What are the two forms of IL-1? Functionally, are they different?

A

IL-1a
IL-1b
Nope

23
Q

Do the two form of IL-1 bind to the same receptor?

A

yes

24
Q

What is a prominent job of cytokines in the innate immune system?

A

Inflammatory response

25
Q

What is the job of cytokines?

A

Inflammatory response

26
Q

T/F neutrophils produce IL-1?

A

True

27
Q

IL-6 is primarily involved with what?

A

the induction of the acute phase response

28
Q

What binds to bacteria to opsonize it?

A

CRP

29
Q

Will CRP activate the complement cascade?

A

Yep

30
Q

IL-1 and IL-6 are responsible for you feeling sick. What are some of those symptoms?

A 
suppressed appetite
mood altered
immune response stimulated
sleep stimulated
fever stimulated
31
Q

The immune system communicates with the brain through the production of _____.

A

cytokines

32
Q

List of cytokines- which one is the stereotypical Th-1 cytokine?

A

IL-2

33
Q

List of cytokines- which one is the stereotypical Th-1 cytokine?

A

IFN-y

34
Q

Does IL-12 directly activate macrophages? If so, how? If not, why/how?

A

It does not.

IL-12 acts on many other cells- Th1, NK and CD8+ cells- and those cells produce IFN-y which activates the macrophages

35
Q

IL-12 is the primary mediator of _____ immune response to intracellular _____.

A

innate

pathogens

36
Q

List of cytokines- which one is the stereotypical Th-1 cytokine?

A

not sure…

37
Q

Does IL-12 activate macrophages?

A

nope

38
Q

How does the immune system communicate with the brain?

A

Via cytokines

39
Q

IL-12 induces the production of what?

A

IFN-y

40
Q

What are the three cells that can produce IFN-y?

A

NK cells
T helper cells
cytotoxic T cells

41
Q

When a macrophage is activated, what can it do?

A

It can kill whatever it has already phagocytized

42
Q

Which cytokines are involved with Th1 type immunity?

A

IFN-y and IL-2

43
Q

Which cytokines are involved with Th2 type immunity?

A

IL-4,5,13, and 2

44
Q

T/F most cytokines are produced by the adaptive immune system?

A

True- and it makes sense because how else are all the T cells going to get to the target site?

45
Q

Which T helper cell is most effective with intracellular pathogens? Extracellular?

A

Intracellular: Th1
Extracellular: Th2

46
Q

What is the primary function of IFN-y?

A

To all the macrophages to kill intracellular microbes

47
Q

IL-4 induces what kind of cells?

A

More Th2 cells

48
Q

IL-4 is the primary stimulus for _____ ______ to IgE.

A

Class switching to IgE

49
Q

IL-5 works with what?

A

Eosinophils- parasite stuff

50
Q

Eosinophil degranulation causes airway obstruction, so which cytokine would be involved in allergic reactions and asthma attacks?

A

IL-5

51
Q

Which cytokine helps to inhibit/control the inflammatory response? How does it do it?

A

IL-10

It inhibits IL-12 production. IL-12 acts on multiple cell types, so if IL-10 can inhibit IL-12, a lot of work gets done.

52
Q

Which cytokine is the most important for controlling inflammation?

A

IL-10

53
Q

Type I and type II cytokine receptors signal via what type of cascade?

A

Jak-STAT

54
Q

T/F all the chemokine receptors are 7 transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors?

A

True

Immunology final exam (7 decks)

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