Cytogenetics (ULO 1-3) Flashcards
Considered as a variant form of a gene.
Allele
Basic structural, functional and biological unit of all organisms
Cell
Who first discovered the cell?
Robert Hooke
When did Robert Hooke discovered cell?
1665
Process by which a single parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.
Cell division
A molecule found in the nuclei of all eukaryotic
organisms that contains the unique genetic code of the organism
DNA
DNA molecule found in the _____ of all eukaryotic
organisms that contains the unique genetic code of the organism
Nuclei
A unit of heredity information that occupies a fixed position on a chromosome.
Gene
A magnifying equipment of many forms use to visualize various microorganisms
Microscope
It is where a cell divides twice to produce four cells containing only half of the original amount of genetic code like that of sex cells.
Meiosis
Meiosis is where a cell divides twice to produce four cells containing only ____ of the original amount of genetic code like that of sex cells.
Half
Is the usual type of tissue growth in which two daughter cells contain the
same number and type of chromosomes as the parent nucleus
Mitosis
Who discovered nucleus?
Robert Brown
A membrane-bound organelle first discovered in plants by Robert Brown in 1833 that contains the genetic material of Eukaryotic organisms.
Nucleus
It is a complex compound bearing high molecular
weight that functions in cellular protein synthesis.
RNA
Ancient Greek Philosopher who was known to be the first person to recognize the relationships between species and organize accordingly
Aristotle
322-384 BC
Aristotle
He had a major influence on the development of many fields of medicine including anatomy, pathology, physiology and neurology.
Galen
One of his discoveries is the identification of the differences between veins and arteries and recognizing that the larynx generates voice.
Galen
129-161 AD
Galen
He used the microscopes to find out more about
the living world-his discoveries include bacteria, the vacuole of the cell and the banded
pattern of muscle fibers.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)-
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
1632-1723
He came up with the system of naming, ranking and classifying organisms that we still use today
Carl Linnaeus
He separated all living things into three Kingdoms :animals, plants and minerals, subdivided them into genera and species.
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus
1707-1775
He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors, the existence of new species occurring via the process of natural selection
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)-
1809-1882
Charles Darwin
He used peas to discover and demonstrate the laws of
genetic inheritance, coining the terms ‘dominant’ and ‘recessive’ genes in the process
Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel
1822-1884
The laws were rediscovered at the turn of the 20th century and provided the mechanism by which Darwin’s theory of natural selection can occur. The two theories combine to form our current understanding of the evolutionary process.
Gregor Mendel
Published the first illustrations of human chromosomes.
Walther Flemming
Also referred to the stainable portion of the nucleus as chromatin and first used the term
mitosis.
Walther Flemming
Walther Flemming
1882
Introduced the word chromosome, from the Greek words for “colored
body,”
Waldeyer
1888
Waldeyer
Developed a technique for identifying and examining
chromosomes individually.
Barbara McClintock
Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983 for her discovery of transposition and how genes could turn their physical characteristics on and off.
Barbara McClintock
Barbara McClintock
1902-1992
Their model of DNA (double helix) explains how DNA
replicates, and heredity info is coded and passed on.
Watson and Crick
1928; 1916-2004
Watson and Crick
Best known for her career-long studies of chimpanzees, she discovered that the animals are omnivores and tool users: 1934
Jane Goodall
They cloned a mammal, famously named Dolly
the
Wilmut and Campbell (1944; 1954-2012)- T
The pair cloned Dolly using a single adult sheep cell and a process of ________
Nuclear transfer
1944; 1954-2012
Wilmut and Campbell
1600
The Cell Theory
1 Exception of the Cell Theory
1650
What is the only one exception in the Cell Theory?
Viruses
1665
Robert Hooke
First man to call cell “cells”
Robert Hooke
Anton Van Leewenvoek
1676
Father of Microbiology
Anton Van Leewenvoek
Robert Brown
1883
Who first discovered bacteria?
Anton Van Leewenvoek
He discovered nucleus in plants.
Robert Brown
Jakob Shlieden
1838
1839
Theodor Schwann
“Plants are made up of cells”
Jakob Shlieden
1850
Rudolf Virchow
“All living things are composed of cells, not just plants.”
Theodor Schwann
Master microscopist who extended Schlieden’s cell theory to animal.
Theodor Schwann
1859
Louis Pasteur
He was the one to demonstrate that cell theory applies to diseased tissue
Rudolf Virchow
Discovered spontaneous generation and first to show that living things came from living things.
Louis Pasteur
His discovery of spontaneous generation contributed to the development of cell theory.
Louis Pasteur
RMT
2023
