Cytogenetics & Mammalian Genome

Question 1

Cytogenetics

Answer 1

Scientific study of cell genetics, and the structure and function of chromosomes.

Question 2

1. Aneuploidy:
   - Trisomy:
   - Monosomy:
   - Triploidy:

Answer 2

1. Abnormal number of chromosomes.
   - 3 of a chromosome.
   - 1 of a chromosome.
   - 3 of all chromosomes.

Question 3

Nucleosome

Answer 3

8 histone molecules, with DNA coiled around.

Question 4

Chromatosome

Answer 4

Nucleosome + H1 histone.

Question 5

RNA genes:

Answer 5

Code for functional RNA molecules; e.g:

-rRNA, tRNA, snRNA, snoRNA, miRNA.

Question 6

Protein-coding genes:

Answer 6

Introns and exons.

Question 7

Non functional DNA include:

Answer 7

• Psudogene
• Truncated genes
• Gene fragments

Question 8

Repeated non-coding DNA include:

Answer 8

• Tandem repeats

- Interspersed repeats

Question 9

Mendel’s laws:

Answer 9

1. Segregation: Offspring receives random copy of an allele from each parent.
2. Independent assortment: Genes on different chromosomes are transmitted independently.

Question 10

Allele:

Answer 10

-An alternative form of a gene; Refers to a single copy of a gene.

Question 11

Genotype:

Answer 11

Combination of alleles in an individual.

Question 12

1. Cell cycle:

2. Two phases:

Answer 12

1. Sequence of events from subsequent cell divisions.

2. Interphase and M phase.

Question 13

5 stages of Mitosis (M) phase:

Answer 13

1. Prophase
2. Prometaphase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase