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5th yr- CMS2- Facial trauma > cysts > Flashcards

cysts Flashcards

1
Q

What is a cyst

A

A pathological epilethial lined cavity within tissues

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1
Q

what is a cyst

A

A pathological epilethial lined cavity within tissues

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2
Q

What is a sebaceous cyst

A

A cyst that overlies a gland

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3
Q

How can we categorise cysts

A

As hard or soft tissue cysts

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4
Q

How can we further classify hard tissue cysts

A
  1. Odontogenic
  2. non odontogenic
  3. Non epithelialised (technical not cysts)
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5
Q

What can soft tissue cysts be further classified into

A

Developmental
Non developmental

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6
Q

Define odontogenic cysts

A

Cysts that arise from tooth forming tissues

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7
Q

Give examples of tooth forming tissues

A
  1. Enamel organ
  2. Follicle
  3. Epithelial cell rest
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8
Q

Give examples of odontogenic cysts from most to least common

A
  1. Radicualr cyst (70%)
  2. Dentigerous cyst (15%)
  3. Keratocyst (10%)
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9
Q

How common are odontogenic cysts

A

Very common

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10
Q

How can we classify odontogenic cysts

A
  1. Inflammatory
  2. Non inflammatory
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11
Q

Give examples of inflammatory cysts

A
  1. Radicular
  2. Residual
  3. Paradental
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12
Q

Give examples of non inflammatory cysts

A
  1. Dentigerous
  2. Keratocyst
  3. Lateral periodontal
  4. Calcifying odontogenic cyst
  5. Glandular odontogenic cyst
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13
Q

How do cysts usually present

A

As asymptomatic incidental findings on a radiograph

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14
Q

What can odontogenic cysts be associated with

A

Slow Swelling
Movement or migration teeth
Failure of tooth eruption

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15
Q

What can happen to a cyst that is not treated

A

Can become infected causing pain or swelling

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16
Q

How do cysts present on a radiograph

A

Typically well defined corticated radiolucencies
May be unilocular or multilocular

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17
Q

When we describe a cyst as well defined on a radiograph what do we mean

A

You can see an obvious difference between surrounding bone and the cyst cavity

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18
Q

When we describe a cyst as corticated on a radiograph what do we mean

A

We can see a line of more dense bone around the cyst

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19
Q

Why are cysts a problem

A
  1. They grow
  2. They can move and damage teeth
  3. They can move or damage structures eg inferior alveolar nerve
  4. They can become infected
  5. They can weaken bone and cause a pathological fracture
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20
Q

Name the most common cyst dentist encounter

A

Periapical cysts

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21
Q

What is another term for periapical cysts

A

Inflammatory periapical cysts

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22
Q

Where do periapical cysts arise from

A

Cell rests that are activated by chronic inflammation (eg dead tooth)

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23
Q

How do periapical cysts form

A

Carious tooth may have chronic inflammation at the root which can lead to proliferation of epithelial cell rests around the apex of the tooth
these expand to form a ball

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24
Q

What can periapical cysts be mistaken for

A

A periapical granuloma

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25
Q

What are periapical cysts almost always associated with

A

A dead/ non vital tooth

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26
Q

Where are periapical cysts centred

A

On the apex of a tooth that is non vital

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27
Q

Describe how a periapical cyst may present on a radiograph

A

Unilocular well defined corticated

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28
Q

What might cause a tooth to becomeW non vital

A
  1. RCT
  2. Caries
  3. Trauma
  4. Restoration
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29
Q

What is a residual cyst

A

when you extract the tooth causing a periapical cysts but the cyst remains

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30
Q

What is a residual cyst also known as

A

A residual periapical cyst

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31
Q

What are dentigerous cysts always associated with

A

Unerupted teeth

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32
Q

What do dentigerous cysts arise from

A

The dental follicle

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33
Q

How do dentigerous cysts from

A

Due to fluid collection between the follicle and enamel of an tooth

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34
Q

What can dentigerous cysts cause

A

May cause movement of tooth
May cause resorption of other teeth

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35
Q

Where do odontogenic keratocysts arise from

A

The dental lamina

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36
Q

What is unique about a keratocyst on a radiograph

A

It is usually multilocular

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37
Q

Where are odotnogenic keratocysts mainly found

A

More common in the mandible than maxilla
Commonly at the angle of the Mandible

38
Q

What are the problems associated with odotnogenic keratocysts

A

They can be quite extensive
Can cause expansion of the mandible
Is multilocular which is complex and difficult to treat as one can be missed
Cyst lining is very delicate so its easier to leave some tissue behind
Can damage adjacent teeth

39
Q

What condition can odontogenic keratocysts be assorted with

A

Gorlin Goltz syndrome

40
Q

What are eruption cysts Associated with

A

Erupting teeth

41
Q

Describe how an erupting cyst appears

A

Bluish round in appearance

42
Q

How do erupting cysts prsent on a radiograph

A

No radiolucency

43
Q

How do we manage eruption cysts

A

They usually resolve once the tooth erupts but may require incision

44
Q

Where are lateral periodontal cysts found

A

On the side of a tooth between the amelocemental junction and apex
usually tear drop shaped

45
Q

How do lateral periodontal cysts present on a radiogrpah

A

Well defined corticated unilocular radiolucency

46
Q

What is a lateral periodontal cysts associated with

A

Origin unknown coudl be dental lamina or follicle

47
Q

What are lateral periodontal cysts associated with

A

Vital tooth

48
Q

Give an example of a rare variant of the lateral periodontal cysts

A

Botryroid varient

49
Q

How can botryoid cysts appear

A

Appears to look like grapes
Is a mupltilocualr variant of lateral periodontal cysts

50
Q

Give examples of rare cysts we need to be aware of

A
  1. Glandular odontogenic cyst
  2. Calcifying odontogenic cyst
51
Q

What can Glandular odontogenic cyst and Calcifying odontogenic cysts be associated with

A

OKC
Ameloblastoma
Other pathology

52
Q

What is the problem associated with Glandular odontogenic cyst

A

Recurrence of these cysts is likely

53
Q

What are non odontogenic hard tissue cysts

A

Cysts that are developmental but not associated with tooth forming tissues

54
Q

Where are non odontogenic hard tissue cysts commonly found

A

Palatal palates and pre maxilla ie fusion sites

55
Q

What is the palate formed by

A

Fusion of 2 lateral structures and the pre maxilla

56
Q

Give examples of non odontogenic hard tissue cysts

A
  1. Naso palatine duct cysts
57
Q

Give examples of non odontogenic hard tissue cysts

A
  1. Naso palatine duct cysts
  2. Globulomaxillary cysts
58
Q

Where are Naso palatine duct cysts found

A

Can present as a painless swelling at the midline of the palate

59
Q

Where are Globulomaxillary cysts found

A

Between the pre maxilla and the maxillary plates
Between the lateral incisor and canine upper

60
Q

Give examples of non epitheliased cysts

A

Staphnes idiopathic bone cavity
Solitary bone cysts

61
Q

Give examples of non epitheliased cysts

A

Staphnes idiopathic bone cavity
Solitary bone cystsW

62
Q

Give examples of non epitheliased cysts

A

Staphnes idiopathic bone cavity
Solitary bone cyst
Aneurysmal bone cyst

63
Q

What are solitary bone cysts also known as

A

Traumatic bone cyst
Unicameral cyst

64
Q

Describe solitary bone cysts

A

Not odontogenic
Not epithelial lined
No expansion of movement associated

65
Q

What are solitary bone cysts usually lined by

A

Fibrous tissue or endothelial tissue

66
Q

Describe Aneurysmal bone cyst

A

Not epithelial lines
Expansile (bone like)
Faint trabecualtion may be seen in the cyst
May appear soap bubble in appearance

67
Q

What are soft tissue cysts broadly categorised into

A

Developmental and non developmental cysts

68
Q

Soft cysts are formed from the fusion of what?

A

Fusion of branchial arches and fusion of branchial cleft

69
Q

Give examples of developmental cysts

A
  1. Dermoid cyst
  2. Branchial cysts
  3. Thyroglossal duct cyst
70
Q

What are dermoid cysts caused by

A

Form due to inclusion of material (such as hair, keratinised epithelium) as the midline fuses

71
Q

How do dermoid cysts tend to present

A

As a sublingual swelling

72
Q

What do we usually find when we remove a dermoid cyst

A

A robust ‘bag’ of epithelium filled with hair and sweat Glands

73
Q

What do branchial cysts arise from

A

The branchial clefts branch 1,2 and 3

74
Q

What can branchial cleft cyst lead to

A

Branchial swelling

75
Q

What is the difference between a cyst and sinus

A

Sinus is a blind ended opening which is epithelial lined and opens onto the surface
A cyst is completely enclosed into the tissues

76
Q

Where do branchial cleft sinuses form

A

Most commonly:
Mandible
part of the ear
hyoid bone
As these are formed by branchial arches 1,2 3
can go as far down as the neck and clavicle

77
Q

Where do thyroglossal duct cyst form

A

At the thyroid

78
Q

What are non developmental soft tissue cysts associated with

A

Salivary gland tissue

79
Q

What can non developmental cysts cause

A

Mucous retention
Mucous extravasations

80
Q

What causes mucus mention

A

Blockage of saliva within the gland or duct
Commonly affects minor glands

81
Q

What can mucus extravasation cause

A

Escapte of saliva from traumatised gland or ducts
Can affect minor and sublingual glands

82
Q

Where can non developmental soft tissue cysts from

A
  1. Ranula
  2. Floor of mouth
  3. Mucus extravasation cyst
  4. Sublingual gland
  5. Minor glands
83
Q

Where are radula cysts found

A

Floor of the mouth

84
Q

What is a ranula cyst

A

A mucous extravasation cyst assorted with the sublingual glands or minor salivary glands at the floor of the mouth

85
Q

Give an example of an unusual ranula

A

A plunging ranula

86
Q

Where is a plunging ranula found

A

Floor fo the mouth but it extends through the mylohyoid muscle and can lead tor a neck swelling

87
Q

What is the problem associated with a plunging ranula cyst

A

Needs combined extra and intra oral approach

88
Q

What are lip mucoceles

A

Painless soft fluid filled swellings that may appear bluish
can be associated with trauma but not always

89
Q

Where are lip mucocoeles formed

A

Only in the lower lip
More common with children

90
Q

How do we manage lip mucocoeles

A
  1. Excision
  2. Cryotherapy
91
Q

What are the risks assocatd with excision of lip mucocoeles

A
  1. Scar
  2. Swelling
  3. Bleeding
  4. Bruising
  5. Risk of recurrence
92
Q

What is a swellign on the uPPPER lip associated with

A

Salivary gland tumours NOT mucocoeles

5th yr- CMS2- Facial trauma (5 decks)

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