Cycolplegic Flashcards

1
Q

what is cycloplegia

A

loss of accommodative function, hence cycolpegic dilation drops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is mydriasis

A

pupillary dilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are cycloplegic drugs

A

agents which block the PNS in the iris and ciliary body, results in loss of accommodation and pupillary dilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 most common cycloplegic in the optometric field ?

A

atropine
cyclopentolate (0.5% and 1.0%)
tropicamide (0.5% and 15)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the association of scopolamine agent

A

found in motion sickness medication
side effect: no accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is amplitude of accommodation

A

the maximum amount a pt can accommodate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the indications to perform cycloplegic refraction

A
  • pt cannot fixate steadily or reduce accommodation (young child)
  • ocular deviation, esotropia
  • a lot more plus power ( or less minus) found in ret than subjective
  • amplitude of accomm doesnt fall within normal limits of pt age group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is pseudomyopia

A

the increased distance blur during evening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is latent hyperopia

A

hyperope who may have masked accommodation, thus the agent will find the excess accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

define far point

A

point conjugate with the retina of the unaccommodated eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the symptoms of apparent refractive origin

A

transient blur
occasional horizontal diplopia
headaches after near work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the advantages to cycloplegic refraction

A
  • makes latent RE manifest
  • allows refractive assessment w/o accommodative fluctuations
  • avoids off axis ret erros
  • allows dilated fundus examination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the significance of cycloplegic for ret

A

parallel with their visual axis to get a more precise finding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are disadvantages of cycloplegic refraction

A
  • atropine > possible systemic poisoning in young children
  • mydriasis > induce angle closure > increased IOP
  • increased abberations from the pupil on ret, essential to only consider central reflex
  • changes of crystalline lens shape vs normal conditions, but will come back to normal state once agent wears off
  • photophobia (light sensitivity), decreasing VA and near work abilities
  • potential for adverse rxn (allergic rxn)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

adequate cycloplegia

A

an amplitude of accommodation less than 2D (pt closest distance of vision = 50cm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is atroprine cyclo agent used for

A

myopia control

17
Q

what are the cyclo drugs > onset and > duration

A

tropicamide (0.5 and 1%) > 20-30 mins > 4-8 hrs
cyclopentolate > 20-45 mins > 8-24 hrs
homatropine > 30-60 mins > 24-48hrs
scopolamine > 30-60 mins > up to 7 days
atropine > 3-6 hrs > 10-18 days

tiny children have small ankles

18
Q

pre dilation precautions in pts includes

A
  • history: dilated eye exam prior and of any abnormal findings, or glc
  • tonometry: measure IOP before and after seeing pt to gauge circadian flow
  • assessment of angle via gonioscopy/ slit lamp
19
Q

how should the drug installation be done

A

teens and adults - two drops 5 mins apart as our socket can only hold so much

20
Q

what us the fatal dosage of atropine in infants and children

A

infants: as low as 10mg
children: between 10-20mg

21
Q

in the event a patient has esotropia and cycloplegic refraction wasnt performed, what would happen

A

uncorrected eso-myopia leads to amblyopia > reduced BVA

22
Q

3g tube of 1% atropine eye ointment contains 30mg of atropine which is

A

3x the fatal systemic dosage