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MA Program (Wk2): Infection Control > Cycle of Infection > Flashcards

Cycle of Infection Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the Cycle of Infection

A

Reservoir Host -> Means of Exit -> Means of Transmission -> Means of Entrance -> Susceptible host—>Back to Reservoir Host

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2
Q

What is a Reservoir Host?

A

A person capable of substaining pathogen growth (a sick person)

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3
Q

What is the Means of Exit?

A

How the pathogen leaves the body (respiratory tract, feces, secretion, bloodborne)

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4
Q

What is the Means of Transmission?

A

How the pathogen spreads to a host

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5
Q

List the major ways pathogens are transmitted (10)

Means of Transmission (Cycle of Infection)

A
  • Airborne
  • Droplet (carries 3-6 feet)
  • Bloodborne
  • Foodborne
  • Vector-borne (tick,dog, mosquito)
  • Direct Contact (contact w/ an infected person’s skin; sexual contact)
  • Indirect Contact(fomites: doorknob)

Other Transmission Routes
* Fecal-oral route (ex. Hepatitis A)
* Skin (broken or unbroken)
* Mucus membranes

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6
Q

What are the portals of Entrance for pathogens?

Means of Entrance (Cycle of Infection)

A
  • Any cavity lined with mucous membrane
  • Breaks in the skin
  • Mouth
  • Nose
  • Eye
  • Anus
  • Vagina
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7
Q

What is a Suspectible Host? And explain how they can continue the chain of break the chain of infection.

A
  • Any individual with decreased immunity
  • If the host’s immune system is able to fight off the pathogen sucessfully, the chain is broken
  • Stress, sleep deprivation, poor nutrition, smoking and other chronic conditions can increase susceptibility
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8
Q

What are environmental factors that can increase susceptibility in the cycle of infection?

A
  • Dense populations
  • Living with or near animals and insects
  • Economic factors
  • Sexual behavior
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9
Q

List some examples of Infection control methods that break the cycle of infection

A
  • Medical asepsis
  • Surgical asepsis
  • Hand asepsis (includes asepsis hand-washing, alcohol based hand disinfectant, removing soiled gloves)

Hand asepsis is under the medical asepsis umbrella

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10
Q

What is Medical asepsis?

A

Clean technique based on maintaining cleanliness and preventing the spread of microorganisms in the medical environment

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11
Q

What are some methods to achieve medical asepsis?

A
  • Remove dirt and MANY pathogens
  • Proper hand hygiene
  • Using alcohol based hand disinfectant
  • Keep office clean between patients
  • Prevent cross-contamination
  • Use protective gear
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12
Q

What is Surgical asepsis? and give an example of the methods used?

A
  • Sterile-free from all organisms including viruses and to keep organisms from entering the body (used for minor surgical procedures or surgeries)
  • Method: Autoclaving
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13
Q

Why is hand hygiene so important and what steps can be taken to achieve it?

Hand Asepsis

A
  • Touch-Most common means of transmitting pathogens
  • Most important aseptic procedure that can break the cycle of infection
  • Fingernail length-trim to “1/2” or 1.3 cm past the fingertip
  • Avoid nail polish and artifical nails
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14
Q

List all the times handwashing with soap and water is REQUIRED (5)

A
  • Start of shift
  • Before and after eating
  • Before and after usinng the bathroom
  • Before and after smoking/vaping
  • When hands are visibly soiled
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15
Q

What is the minimum alcohol content used for alcohol-based hand disinfectant?

A

60% and above

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16
Q

List the steps of the Aseptic-Handwashing Procedure

A
  1. Remove all jewerly
  2. Turn of the faucet using paper towel and adjust the water temp to moderately warm
  3. Wet your hands and apply liquid soap. Use a clean, dry paper towel to activate soap pump
  4. Work the soap into a lather, making sure that both hands are lathered. Rub vigorously in a circular motion for 2 minutes. Keep your hand lower than your forearms so that dirty water flows into the sink instead of back onto your arms. Your fingertips should be pointed down. Interlace your fingers to clean between them, and use the palm of one hand to clean the back of the other.
  5. Use a single nail-use nailbrush under running water to dislodge dirt around your nails and cuticles
  6. Rinse your hand well, keep your hands lower than your forearms and not touching the sink or faucets
  7. With the water still running, dry your hands througly with a clean, dry paper towels, and then turn off the faucet using a clean, dry, paper towl. Discard the towels
17
Q

List the steps of the Alcohol-Based Hand Disinfectant Procedure

A
  1. Remove all jewelry
  2. Pump the recommended amount of AHD onto thr palm of the hand
  3. Rub the hands together vigoroudly, ensuring the alcohol comes in contact eith all surfaces, including back of hands, between finger and fingernails
  4. Continue to rub the solution in a rotary fashion until it is evaporated and the hands are dry
18
Q

List the steps of Removing Soiled Gloves Procedure

A
  1. Using your dominant hand, graso the palm of the glove of your nondominant hand
  2. Gently pull the glove off the nondominant hand, turning it inside out and holding it in your dominant hand
  3. Encase the remove glove completely in the dominant hand
  4. Place the thumb or two fingers of the ungloved hand under the cuff of the remaining glove, being careful not to touch the outside of the glove with your bare hand
  5. Pull the glove over your hand, turning it inside out over the other glove and leaving no outside surface exposed
  6. Throw the gloces in the appropriate waste container
  7. Wash your hands
19
Q

What does the Personal Protective Equipment entail?

Infection Control Methods

A
  • Gloves
  • Mask or respirator
  • Eyewear: goggles, face shields
  • Protective clothing-gowns
  • Use of multiple types of PPE
20
Q

Define Donning and Doffing in terms of PPE

Order of PPE

A
  • Donning: placing PPE on
    1. Hand hygiene
    2. put on gown
    3. put on mask
    4. put on eye protection
    5. put on gloves
  • Doffing: taking PPE off
    1. Remove gloves
    2. hand hygiene
    3. remove gown
    4. hand hygiene
    5. remove eye prtection
    6. hand hygiene
    7. remove mask
    8. hand hygiene
21
Q

List additional transmission based precautions to protect against pathogen

A
  • Contact precautions
  • Droplet precautions
  • Airborne precautions (isolating patients)

MA Program (Wk2): Infection Control (4 decks)

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