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Music Production > Cycle 3 Test > Flashcards

Cycle 3 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Stereo requires at least 2 microphones to record one source with differences in _______ and ______ between the two mics

A

amplitude, time of arrival

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2
Q

matched pair

A

two mics that are manufacturer-tested to be as close to the same mic as possible.

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3
Q

two rules for matched pair mics

A
  1. dont use one without the other

2. be careful in high SPL situations

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4
Q

Spaced Pair pros/cons

A

+ Wide stereo image

  • Lacks a strong center
  • Phase issues (Use the 3:1 Rule)
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5
Q

XY pros/cons

A

+ Good phase coherency
+ Strong center
- Image not as wide as a spaced pair
+/- Picks up mostly direct sounds with minimal room sounds

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6
Q

ORTF pros/cons

A

+ Mimics human hearing
+ Wider image than XY (not as wide as spaced pair)
- Some phase issues (near-coincident)

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7
Q

Mid-Side pros/cons

A

+ Individual control over direct and room sounds during & after the recording session.
+ Control of stereo width during & after the recording session
+ Good phase coherency
+ Good mono compatibility
- Image not as wide as a spaced pair

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8
Q

Blumlein pros/cons

A

+ Good phase coherency
+ Strong center
- Image not as wide as spaced pair
+/- Picks up direct sounds AND room sounds

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9
Q

compressor / limiter

A

a device employing a gain reduction circuit to manipulate or control the dynamic range of an audio signal.

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10
Q

threshold

A

when the input signal exceeds a pre determined level (the threshold), the compressor’s gain is reduced and the signal is attenuated.

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11
Q

ratio

A

the amount of input decibels above the threshold, to the amount of output decibels above the threshold.

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12
Q

attack

A

sets the amount of time it takes for the compressors gain to be reduced.

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13
Q

release

A

sets the amount of time it takes for the compressor’s gain to return to its original level

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14
Q

bad compressor release settings - side effects

A

too fast = pumping or breathing effect… rapid rise in noise floor.
too slow = over compression

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15
Q

output/makeup gain

A

compensates for gain reduction

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16
Q

knee

A

how strictly the threshold is encorced

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17
Q

around a _____ ratio is where limiting begins (depends on the situation)

A

4:1

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18
Q

what is the primary difference between a Compressor and a Limiter?

A

ratio.

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19
Q

famous compressors

A
  1. Teletronix LA-2A Optical Style Tube Compressor

2. Universal Audio 1176

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20
Q

Audio EQ is defined as

A

a device that enables the engineer to exercise control over the harmonic or timbral content of a live or recorded sound.

21
Q

reasons for EQ (5 reasons)

A
  1. to correct specific problems within a “live” signal
  2. to overcome deficiencies in the frequency response of a microphone or in the sound of an instrument
  3. to alter a sound purely for creative reasons
  4. to allow contrasting sounds to blend better in a mix
  5. to reduce the frequencies that are causing leakage
22
Q

two types of analog filter circuits

A
  1. passive filter EQ

2. active filter EQ

23
Q

types of EQ filter CURVES (5)

A

peaking curve, shelving curve, high+low pass filters, bandpass filters

24
Q

regarding high & low pass filters… frequencies attenuated less than 3db are considered to be

A

inside the passband

25
Q

regarding high & low pass filters… frequencies attenuated more than 3dB are said to be

A

inside the stopband

26
Q

the Q of a peak refers to

A

the steepness of the slope

27
Q

EQ TYPES

A
  1. selectable frequency EQ
  2. parametric EQ
  3. graphic EQ
  4. notch filter
28
Q

selectable frequency EQ has a _______ of frequencies to choose from

A

set number

29
Q

where are selectable frequency EQs typically found?

A

older consoles + outboard gear

30
Q

parametric EQ’s center frequency is ________ _______ and the Q is also ________ _______.

A

continuously variable, continuously variable.

31
Q

describe a graphic EQ

A

boost or cut level control over a series of frequencies that are spaced according to musical intervals. controls are generally liner slider types, arranged side-by-side. this type of EQ is often used in the fine-tuning of a system to match the acoustics of a room.

32
Q

notch filter… why do we use it?

A

to remove hum and other undesirable discreet frequency noises.

33
Q

notch filters have a _______ bandwidth

A

narrow

34
Q

noise gate

A

allows signal that is above the threshold to pass through. once input signal falls below the threshold, the gate shuts down the signal

35
Q

expander

A

like a noise gate, but with partial attenuation instead of full

36
Q

noise gate Threshold

A

sets the level at which the gate will open and allows signal at the input to pass through to the output.

37
Q

noise gate Range (aka Ratio or Depth)

A

the amount of attenuation applied to the input signal once it falls below the threshold level.

38
Q

noise gate Hold

A

sets the amount of time the gate remains open, once the input signal falls below the threshold level.

39
Q

Dynamic mics and Ribbon mics use

A

electro-magnetic induction

40
Q

Condenser mics use

A

electro-static principle

41
Q

tube mics have

A

their own power supply

42
Q

two types of Analog Filter Circuits

A

Passive filter EQ, Active filter EQ

43
Q

Passive Filter EQs consist of 3 main electrical components:

A

Capacitors, Resistors, Inductors

44
Q

Active Filter EQ’s make use of devices called ________ which require a dedicated power source.

A

Differential Operational Amplifiers (OP amps)

45
Q

Condenser microphones, generally:

A
  • have a flatter frequency response
  • have a faster transient response
  • have a louder output level (less risk of needing to crank up mic-pre’s, which raises up the noise floor)
46
Q

Dynamic microphones, generally:

A
  • can handle more SPL
  • are more durable
  • are more affordable
47
Q

Side-chain Input or Key Input:

A

a key input or side-chain input is the same thing. It’s an auxiliary input that can trigger the voltage detector (threshold) from a remote source.

48
Q

Full attenuation =

A

Noise Gate

49
Q

Partial attenuation

A

Expander

Music Production (4 decks)

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