cycle 2

Question 1

structure defines

Answer 1

function

Question 2

human brain has about

Answer 2

100 billion neurons

10 elevado a 11

Question 3

29. Connectivity is related to……………..

Answer 3

function

Question 4

30. the basic circuit is a hierarchy of ……….

Answer 4

multiple parallel loops

Question 5

30. a universal function possessed by all brains is to…………..

Answer 5

move the body

Question 6

30. according to Benoit Mandelbrot, fractal geometry is…….

Answer 6

the geometry of deterministic chaos

Question 7

30. any piece of the fractal geometric contains……………

Answer 7

a miniature of the entire design

Question 8

31. sensory information passes through……….

Answer 8

the thalamus

Question 9

31. the thalamus is under the control of……….

Answer 9

neocortical feedback

Question 10

31. the strictly parallel loops in the basal ganglia and cerebellum are mainly………..

Answer 10

inhibitory

Question 11

32. in simple brains, there are few neuronal steps between…………

Answer 11

sensation and action

Question 12

32. the same physical imput can evoke very different……

Answer 12

outputs in complex brains

Question 13

32. depending on the (……..) in which the stimulus is presented

Answer 13

context

Question 14

32. startle reflex is an…………..

Answer 14

involuntary reaction to a sudden unexpected stimulus

Question 15

32. startle reflex involves…………..

Answer 15

flexion of most skeletal muscle

Question 16

32. startle reflex involves…………..

Answer 16

variety of visceral reactions ½ activation of paleocircuits

Question 17

32. the latency of the acoustic startle reflex in the rat is ………..

Answer 17

8 millisegonds

Question 18

33.human brain has about………

Answer 18

100 billion o 10elevado11 neurons

Question 19

33.the number of contact between neurons is ………….

Answer 19

200 trillion o 2por10elevado14

Question 20

33.the structural links between neurons are………

Answer 20

synapses

Question 21

33. synapses allow communication……….

Answer 21

unidirectional

Question 22

34. the most prevalent neuronal type of the cerebral cortex…………

Answer 22

the pyramidal cell

Question 23

34. the pyramidal cell has postsynaptic receiving sites number of……..

Answer 23

5.000 – 50.000

Question 24

35. the brain uses the 20 %

Answer 24

of oxygen and energy nutrients of the body

Question 25

35. a graph is a symbolic representation of a ………….

Answer 25

network

Question 26

35. a node(vertex) is a………..

Answer 26

terminal point

intersection point

Question 27

35. nodes are connected….

Answer 27

by edges

links

axons

Question 28

paul erdos / alfred renyi

how we can connect 50 nodes/neurons?

1.225 all-to-all connections?

Answer 28

using just

98

randomly placed links

a mere 8%

Question 29

for 1000 neurons only (….)

percent

of all possible combinations are needed to connect every one.

Answer 29

1 percent

Question 30

we can get fron any neuron to any other neuron

matematically

through just

Answer 30

three synapses

Question 31

most connections among neurons are

(………………)

in most brain structures

Answer 31

LOCAL

Question 32

37. There is two organization principles

Answer 32

1.

the degree of local clustering

2.

synaptic path lenght

(degree of separaton between

the distant parts of the brain)

Question 33

37.

random connections

can shrink ….

Answer 33

the degrees of separation

Question 34

37.

the degree of local connections

increases

Answer 34

the clustering effect

Question 35

37.

reduced computational speed

is due….

Answer 35

to

axon conduction delays

Question 36

37. one consequence

of decreased interconnectedness

in larger brains

is….

Answer 36

increased

secregation

of the neuronal pool.

Question 37

37.

collective dynamics

of the

“Small-World”

network

by

Watts (2003)

combine

Answer 37

the advantages of

REGULAR LOCAL ORGANIZATION

and

RANDOM WIRING

Question 38

37. (small-word network)

synaptic path lenght is

(……………) in local network

(…….) in random network

Answer 38

LONGEST

SHORTEST

Question 39

37. (small-word network)

with increasing numbers of neurons

the proportion of long-range connections required

to keep the synaptip path lenght constant

dramatically……

Answer 39

DECREASES

Question 40

38.

the average fraction of neighbors directly connected to each other is called ……

Answer 40

THE CLUSTERING COEFFICIENT

Question 41

39.

the connections in scale free network obey

a statical rule called

Answer 41

THE

POWER

LAW

Barabasi´s bestseller Linked (2002)

Question 42

40

the size of the brain

is distributed creating a

bell-shaped curve

know as…..

Answer 42

NORMAL

GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION

Question 43

40.

the central limit theorem

demostrate that,

in large enough samples,

the distribution of a sample mean

aproximates…..

Answer 43

A NORMAL

BELL-SHAPED CURVE

Question 44

40. (POWER LAW STATISTICS)

there is no (………..) at an average value.

A select small group can have………..

Answer 44

PEAK

THE LARGEST EFFECT

Question 45

40. (POWER LAW STATISTICS)

The small ocurrences are extremely…………

whereas large instances are……..

Answer 45

COMMON

RARE

Question 46

41.

small- world

and

scale-free

architectures

are fundamentally

Answer 46

SIMILAR

Question 47

42.

the Tensegrity concept (tension-integrity)

was created by Richard Buckminster Fuller

1940

robust and scalable GEODESIC design

made by…..

Answer 47

contiguous triangles or hexagons

on a spherical surface

Question 48

42. tensegrity

The continuous pull (convergence) is balanced

by the discontinuous push (divergence)

producing an (………….)