Cybersecurity

Question 1

Cybersecurity

Answer 1

The practise of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks. These cyberattacks are usually aimed at accessing, changing, or destroying sensitive information; extorting money from users or interrupting normal business processes.

Question 2

Network Security

Answer 2

Any activity designed to protect the usability and integrity of a network and data. It includes both hardware and software technologies. Effective network security manages access to a network. It targets a variety of threats and stops them from entering or spreading on a network

Question 3

Hackers

Answer 3

Individuals who will violate computer security for malicious or financial reasons;

Question 4

Planting the flag

Answer 4

Individuals who may seek financial reward for finding vulnerability, but are more interested in finding vulnerabilities than gaining something for themselves.

Question 5

Ethical hackers

Answer 5

Individuals whose activities are designed to test and enhance computer security;

Question 6

Hacktivists

Answer 6

Individuals who use technology to announce a social, ideological, religious, or political message.

Question 7

Social engineering

Answer 7

The psychological manipulation of people into performing actions or divulging confidential information.

Question 8

Keylogging

Answer 8

Software designed to record and store every keystroke made on a computer. Criminals often attempt to install keylogging software onto a computer remotely.

Question 9

Tailgating

Answer 9

Tailgating is a physical security breach in which an unauthorised person follows an authorised individual to enter secured premises.

Question 10

Pharming

Answer 10

Pharming redirects victims to a bogus site even if the victim has typed the correct web address. This type of scam is often applied to the websites of banks or e-commerce sites.

Question 11

Phishing

Answer 11

Phishing is the act of trying to obtain confidential records such as passwords. Emails that look as if they are from a legitimate, respected organisation are sent, but they contain links to fake websites that ‘phish’ data from unsuspecting victims.

Question 12

Digital devices

Answer 12

Devices that can be used for eavesdropping on live conversations or voicemails.

Question 13

Eavesdropping

Answer 13

A technique that involves the social engineer being physically present to overhear confidential conversations.

Question 14

Shoulder surfing

Answer 14

Looking over another person’s shoulder to view passwords or other data that is being entered.

Question 15

Pretexting

Answer 15

Attackers focus on creating a good pretext, or a fabricated scenario, that they can use to try and steal their victims’ personal information. This type of attack commonly takes the form of a scammer who pretends that they need certain bits of information from their target in order to confirm their identity.

Question 16

Baiting

Answer 16

Similarly to phishing attacks, the scammer promises items or goods to entice their victims.

Question 17

Malware

Answer 17

Short for malicious software, this is programming or code that is used to disrupt computers by:
Gathering sensitive information
Gaining access to private computer systems
Displaying unwanted advertising
Distributing the performance of a computer or network

Question 18

Trojan

Answer 18

A malicious computer program that tricks users into willingly running it is called a ‘Trojan horse’ or simply a ‘Trojan’. They can be delivered via internet downloads, infected USBs, or email attachments.

Question 19

Data breach

Answer 19

A data breach is a security incident in which sensitive, protected, or confidential data is copied, transmitted, viewed, stolen, or used by an individual who is not authorised to do so.

Question 20

Brute Force Attack

Answer 20

This type of attack can occur when a n attacker systematically submits guessed passwords with the hope of eventually guessing correctly

Question 21

DoS

Answer 21

A denial of service attack (DoS attack) is a cyberattack in which a criminal makes a network resource unavailable to its intended users by flooding the targeted machine or website with lots of requests in an attempt to overload systems and prevent some or all legitimate requests from being fulfilled

Question 22

DDoS

Answer 22

In a distributed denial of service attack (DDoS attack), the incoming traffic flooding the victim originates from many different sources. This makes it impossible to stop the attack simply by blocking a single source.

Question 23

Virus

Answer 23

Malware that usually embeds itself into existing software on a device and then, once that software is run, spreads to other executable files

Question 24

Worm

Answer 24

While also self-replicating, a worm does not need to infect an existing program. Worms are able to spread very rapidly, infecting large numbers of machines.

Question 25

Spyware

Answer 25

Programs that can spy on how a user makes use of their computer or device, for example by tracking the data entered via a keyboard, taking screenshots, or getting a list of running applications.

Question 26

Adware

Answer 26

Software that contains advertisements embedded in the application. It is not always a bad thing and is considered a legitimate alternative offered to consumers who do not wish to pay for software

Question 27

Exploit

Answer 27

Code that takes advantage of a security vulnerability in an operating system, application, or any other software code, including application plug-ins or software libraries.

Question 28

Exploit

Answer 28

Code that takes advantage of a security vulnerability in an operating system, application, or any other software code, including application plug-ins or software libraries.

Question 29

Exploit

Answer 29

Code that takes advantage of a security vulnerability in an operating system, application, or any other software code, including application plug-ins or software libraries.

Question 30

Ransomware

Answer 30

This type of Trojan can modify data on a computer or device so that it doesn’t run correctly or so that users can no longer use specific data. The criminal will only restore the computer’s performance, or unblock data, after the victim has paid them the ransom money they demand.

Question 31

Exploit

Answer 31

Code that takes advantage of a security vulnerability in an operating system, application, or any other software code, including application plug-ins or software libraries.

Question 32

Ransomware

Answer 32

This type of Trojan can modify data on a computer or device so that it doesn’t run correctly or so that users can no longer use specific data. The criminal will only restore the computer’s performance, or unblock data, after the victim has paid them the ransom money they demand.

Question 33

Exploit

Answer 33

Code that takes advantage of a security vulnerability in an operating system, application, or any other software code, including application plug-ins or software libraries.

Question 34

Ransomware

Answer 34

This type of Trojan can modify data on a computer or device so that it doesn’t run correctly or so that users can no longer use specific data. The criminal will only restore the computer’s performance, or unblock data, after the victim has paid them the ransom money they demand.

Question 35

Exploit

Answer 35

Code that takes advantage of a security vulnerability in an operating system, application, or any other software code, including application plug-ins or software libraries.

Question 36

Ransomware

Answer 36

This type of Trojan can modify data on a computer or device so that it doesn’t run correctly or so that users can no longer use specific data. The criminal will only restore the computer’s performance, or unblock data, after the victim has paid them the ransom money they demand.

Question 37

Exploit

Answer 37

Code that takes advantage of a security vulnerability in an operating system, application, or any other software code, including application plug-ins or software libraries.

Question 38

Ransomware

Answer 38

This type of Trojan can modify data on a computer or device so that it doesn’t run correctly or so that users can no longer use specific data.

Question 39

Ransomware

Answer 39

This type of Trojan can modify data on a computer or device so that it doesn’t run correctly or so that users can no longer use specific data.