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Security+ > Cyber Resilience and Redundancy > Flashcards

Cyber Resilience and Redundancy Flashcards

1
Q

High Availability

A

● Aims to keep services continuously available by minimizing downtime
● Achieved through load balancing, clustering, redundancy, and multi-cloud
strategies

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2
Q

Uptime

A

The time a system remains online, typically expressed as a percentage

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3
Q

Five nines

A

Refers to 99.999% uptime, allowing only about 5 minutes of downtime
per year

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4
Q

Six nines

A

Refers to 99.9999% uptime, allows just 31 seconds of downtime per year

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5
Q

Load Balancing

A

Distributes workloads across multiple resources. Incoming requests are directed to capable servers

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6
Q

Clustering

A

Uses multiple computers, storage devices, and network connections as a single system. Can be combined with load balancing for robust solutions

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7
Q

Redundancy

A

Involves duplicating critical components to increase system reliability

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8
Q

Multi-Cloud Approach

A

■ Distributes data, applications, and services across multiple cloud providers
■ Mitigates the risk of a single point of failure
■ Offers flexibility for cost optimization
■ Aids in avoiding vendor lock-in
■ Requires proper data management, unified threat management, and consistent
policy enforcement for security and compliance

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9
Q

Strategic Planning

A

■ Proactive measures reduce the risk of service disruptions and downtime costs
■ Safeguard organizational continuity and reliability in a competitive environment

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10
Q

RAID

A

Redundant Array of Independent Disks

Combines multiple physical storage devices into a single logical storage
device recognized by the operating system

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11
Q

RAID 0

A

■ Provides data striping across multiple disks
■ Used for improved performance but offers no data redundancy
■ Multiple drives increase read and write speeds
■ Suitable for scenarios where performance is essential, and data redundancy is
not a concern

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12
Q

RAID 1

A

■ Provides redundancy by mirroring data identically on two storage devices
■ Ensures data integrity and availability
■ Suitable for critical applications and maintains a complete copy of data on both
devices
■ Only one storage device can fail without data loss or downtime

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13
Q

RAID 5

A

■ Utilizes striping with parity across at least three storage devices
■ Offers fault tolerance by distributing data and parity
■ Can continue operations if one storage device fails
■ Data reconstruction is possible but results in slower access speeds

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14
Q

RAID 6

A

■ Similar to RAID 5 but includes double parity data
■ Requires at least four storage devices
■ Can withstand the failure of two storage devices without data loss

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15
Q

RAID 10

A

■ Combines RAID 1 (mirroring) and RAID 0 (striping)
■ Offers high performance, fault tolerance, and data redundancy
■ Requires an even number of storage devices, with a minimum of four

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16
Q

RAID Resilience Categories

A

■ Failure-resistant
● Resists hardware malfunctions through redundancy (e.g., RAID 1)

■ Fault-tolerant
● Allows continued operation and quick data rebuild in case of failure (e.g.,
RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6, RAID 10)

■ Disaster-tolerant
● Safeguards against catastrophic events by maintaining data in
independent zones (e.g., RAID 1, RAID 10)

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17
Q

Capacity Planning

A

Ensures an organization is prepared to meet future demands in a cost-effective
manner

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18
Q

Main aspects of Capacity Planning

A
  1. People
  2. Technology
  3. Infrastructure
  4. Processes
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19
Q

Surges

A

Sudden, small increases in voltage beyond the standard level (e.g., 120V
in the US)

20
Q

Spikes

A

Short-lived voltage increases, often caused by short circuits, tripped
breakers, or lightning

21
Q

Sags

A

Brief decreases in voltage, usually not severe enough to cause system
shutdown

22
Q

Undervoltage Events (Brownouts)

A

Prolonged reduction in voltage, leading to system shutdown

23
Q

Power Loss Events (Blackouts)

A

Complete loss of power for a period, potentially causing data loss and
damage

24
Q

Line Conditioners

A

● Stabilize voltage supply and filter out fluctuations
● Mitigate surges, sags, and undervoltage events
● Unsuitable for significant undervoltage events or complete power failures

25
Q

UPS

A

Uninterruptible Power Supply

● Provide emergency power during power source failures
● Offer line conditioning functions
● Include battery backup to maintain power during short-duration failures
● Typically supply 15 to 60 minutes of power during a complete power
failure

26
Q

PDC

A

Power Distribution Centers

● Central hub for power reception and distribution
● Includes circuit protection, monitoring, and load balancing
● Integrates with UPS and backup generators for seamless transitions
during power events

27
Q

Onsite Backup

A

Storing data copies in the same location as the original data

28
Q

Offsite Backup

A

Storing data copies in a geographically separate location

29
Q

RPO

A

Recovery Point Objective

Ensures that the backup plan will maintain the amount of data
required to keep any data loss under the organization’s RPO
threshold

30
Q

Snapshots

A

■ Point-in-time copies capturing a consistent state
■ Records only changes since the previous snapshot, reducing storage
requirements
■ Use cases
● Valuable for systems where data consistency is critical, like databases and
file servers

31
Q

Replication

A

Real-time or near-real-time data copying to maintain data continuity

32
Q

Journaling

A

Maintaining a detailed record of data changes over time

33
Q

COOP

A

Continuity of Operations Plan

Ensures an organization’s ability to recover from disruptive events or disasters

34
Q

BC Plan

A

Business Continuity Planning

● Plans and processes for responding to disruptive events
● Addresses a wide range of threats and disruptive incidents
● Involves preventative actions and recovery steps

35
Q

DRP

A

Disaster Recovery Plan

● Focuses on plans and processes for disaster response
● Subset of the BC Plan
● Focuses on faster recovery after disasters

36
Q

Business Continuity Committee

A

Comprises representatives from various departments (IT, Legal, Security,
Communications, etc.)

Determines recovery priorities for different events

Identifies and prioritizes systems critical for business continuity

37
Q

Redundant Site

A

Backup location or facility that can take over essential functions and operations
in case the primary site experiences a failure or disruption

38
Q

Hot Sites

A

● Up and running continuously, enabling a quick switchover
● Requires duplicating all infrastructure and data
● Expensive, but provides instant availability

39
Q

Warm Sites

A

● Not fully equipped, but fundamentals in place
● Can be up and running within a few days
● Cheaper than hot sites but with a slight delay

40
Q

Cold Sites

A

● Fewer facilities than warm sites
● May be just an empty building, ready in 1-2 months
● Cost-effective but adds more recovery time

41
Q

Mobile Sites

A

● Can be hot, warm, or cold
● Utilizes portable units like trailers or tents
● Offers flexibility and quick deployment (e.g., military DJC2)

42
Q

Platform Diversity

A

■ Critical for effective virtual redundant sites
■ Diversify operating systems, network equipment, and cloud platforms
■ Reduces the risk of a single point of failure
■ Ensures resilience and adaptability in case of disruptions

43
Q

Virtual Sites

A

Leveraging cloud-based environments for redundancy

44
Q

Tabletop Exercises

A

■ Scenario-based discussion among key stakeholders
■ Assess and improve an organization’s preparedness and response
■ No deployment of actual resources

45
Q

Failover Tests

A

■ Controlled experiment for transitioning from primary to backup components
■ Ensures uninterrupted functionality during disasters

46
Q

Simulations

A

■ Computer-generated representation of a real-world scenario
■ Allows for hands-on response actions in a virtual environment

47
Q

Parallel Processing

A

Replicates data and system processes onto a secondary system

Security+ (13 decks)

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