CXR: Chest Radiology Flashcards
What 2 types of masses are often found in multiple masses on CXR?
Multiple nodules (<2cm)
Multiple cavitating masses
What can cause multiple nodules on a CXR? (2)
Blood borne conditions
Metastases
Septic emboli (very rare)
What can cause multiple cavitating masses on a CXR? (2)
Abscesses
Septic emboli
Necrotic tumours
What can cause a solitary mass on CXR? (5)
Primary malignancy Metastases Benign pulmonary tumour Non-neoplastic pulmonary mass Infection/abscess
Describe the features of a peripheral bronchial carcinoma on a CXR. (4)
Round/oval shape
Spiculated edges (corona radiate)
Poorly defined
Quite large
Describe the features of a central bronchial carcinoma on a CXR. (4)
Unilateral hilar enlargement
Unilateral dense hilum
Consolidation
Atelectasis (collapsed lung)
What features on a CXR indicate that masses are caused by infection, NOT tumours? (3)
Cavitating masses
Fluid/pus inside cavity (shows a meniscus)
Clinically unwell patient
Describe the features of hilar masses on CXR. (5)
Hilar lymph node enlargement Paratracheal lymph node enlargement Loss of hilar notch Enlargement of paratracheal stripe Lobulated masses
What can cause hilar masses on CXR? (4)
Spread from tumours (including bronchial carcinoma)
Lymphoma
Sarcoidosis
TB
What can cause non-hilar mediastinal masses on CXR? (5)
HINT: it’s the 5 Ts of mediastinal masses!
(Terrible) lymphoma Teratoma Thyroid (retrosternal) Thymus Tortuous aorta
Describe the features of pleural plaques on CXR. (2)
Bilateral
Calcification (commonly on diaphragm)
What is the 1 main cause of pleural plaques?
Asbestos exposure
Describe the features of cystic change on CXR. (3)
Large, dark cyst with NO lung markings
Distinct border of normal tissue
Hyperinflation of lungs
How do you detect hyperinflation of the lungs? (3)
More than 10 posterior ribs
More than 7 anterior ribs
Very low diaphragm
What causes cysts in the lungs? (2)
Emphysema
COPD
