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Respiratory > CXR > Flashcards

CXR Flashcards

1
Q

What is normal on CXR

A

Air pocket on L side above diaphragm

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2
Q

What causes a cavitating lesion [6]

A 
Abscess 
TB
SCC
PE
RA
Fungal
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3
Q

What causes lobar collapse [3]

A

Cancer
Asthma
Foreign body

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4
Q

What are signs of lobar collapse

A

Tracheal deviation to affected side
Mediastinal shift to affected side
Elevation of hemidiaphragm
Other areas of lung hyper lucent

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5
Q

What metastasis to lung

A 
Breast
Colorectal
Renal 
Bladder
Prostate
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6
Q

Where is NG tube positioned

A 
Below diaphragm in stomach
If pH <5.5 = safe to feed
If >5.5 = check position with a CXR 
Should go down straight 
If wrong = pneumonia
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7
Q

What causes mediastinal widening [6]

A 
Patient position: rotation
Goitre
Lymphoma
Thymus tumour 
Teratoma
Thoracic AA
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8
Q

What does pulmonary oedema look like [7]

A 
Intersitital edema
Bat wing
Upper lobe diversion due to increased flow to superior parts of lung
Kerley A / B lines
Pleural effusion
Cardiomegaly if cardiac cause
Fluid in horizontal fissure
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9
Q

What causes a white lung shadow [6]

A 
Consolidation
Pleural effusion
Pneumonectomy
Collapse
Oedema
Lesion e.g. tumour
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10
Q

If there is a white out what do you do

A

Assess trachea position

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11
Q

What does trachea going towards white shadow suggest [3]

A

Pneumonectomy
Complete collapse
Pulmonary hypoplasia

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12
Q

What does central trachea suggest [3]

A

Consolidation
Oedema
Mesothelioma

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13
Q

What does trachea going away suggest

A

Pleural effusion
Diaphragmatic hernia
Large mass

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14
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Loss of lung markings due to collapsed lung

White rim around

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15
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy

A

Patchy round the lung

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16
Q

What causes hilar lymphadenopathy [7]

A 
Infection
Malignancy
Silicosis
Sarcoid
Pulmonary HTN
Pulmonary artery aneurysm
Bronchogenic cyst
17
Q

Abnormalities deviating trachea away from affected site [3]

A

Pneumothorax
Pleural effusion
Large mass

18
Q

Abnormalities deviating trachea towards affected side [4]

A

Marked atelectasis/collapsed lung
Lobectomy/pneumonectomy
Pleural fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis

19
Q

What is the steeple sign on CXR when looking at the trachea

A

Subglottic airway narrowing

Dx: croup, tracheal stenosis

20
Q

Malignancies causing hilar lymphadenopathy [3]

Infections causing hilar lymphadenopathy [4]

A

Primary lung cancer
Lymphoma
Mets disease

Infections:

  • TB
  • EBV
  • Histoplasmosis
  • Tularemia
21
Q

Causes of elevated hemidiaphragm [5]

A 
§ Diminished lung volume eg in atelectasis
			§ Phrenic nerve paralysis
			§ Eventration of diaphragm
			§ Subphrenic abscess
Hepatomegaly or splenomegaly
22
Q

Pneumothorax CXR [4]

How to determine size [3]

A

Trachea deviates away
Lung markings stop at periphery
Rim of air around lung
Deep sulcus sign

Size of pneumothorax based on thickness of rim of air around lung at level of hilum

  • <2cm-small
  • > 2cm - large
23
Q

Hyperinflation on CXR

  • Characteristics [3]
  • Causes [2]
A 
§ Number of ribs seen
			§ Flattening of diaphragm
			§ Diffusely increased lucency
			§ Causes
				§ COPD
Asthma
24
Q

Pulmonary edema:

  1. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
  2. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema [2]

Features of CXR that can differentiate between the two [5]

A

Acute lung injury
ARDS

CXR

  • Cardiac size
  • Pattern of opacities
  • Air bronchograms
  • Peribronchial cuffing
  • Kerley B lines
25
Q

Kerley A [4]

A

Diagonal unbranching lines
Extending from hilum
2-6cm
Represent channels between peripheral and central lymphatics

26
Q

Kerley B lines [4]

A

Faint thin horizontal lines
At lung periphery, usually at bases
1-2cm
Represent interlobular septa

27
Q

What are air bronchograms?

What is Peribronchial cuffing?

A

Bronchi arent usually visible on x-ray so opacification of alveoli next to a bronchi > dark air-filled bronchi being seen
Interstitial edema can accumulate around bronchi
Causes bronchial wall thickening

28
Q

Alveolar opacities vs interstitial opacities

A

Alveolar opacity caused by cardiac pulmonary edema

Interstitial opacities - interstitial lung disease e.g. IPF, CTD, Sarcoidosis
- Don’t have air bronchograms

Respiratory (14 decks)

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