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102 Electricity/Medical Instrumentation 1 Fall 2013 > CVT 102 Lab Circuits > Flashcards

CVT 102 Lab Circuits Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Why is a voltage drop called a “voltage drop”?

A

More resistance, less current

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1
Q

What happens to current in a circuit when you add more resistance in series?

A

You get less current when you add more resistance

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2
Q

What is the relationship between the resistance and the voltage drop?

A

the resister is using up voltage and creating heat

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3
Q

What is the relationship between the resistance and the current?

A

More resistance means less current

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4
Q

Current divider equation

A

Ix=Rp
—- * It
Rx

This is for I2, I3, etc.

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5
Q

Voltage divider equation

For Voltage in Parallel (Vp)

and

Individual voltage (V1)

A

For voltage in parallel: Vp = Rp
—- * Vt
Rt

For individual voltage: Vx = Rx
—- * Vt
Rt

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6
Q

How to solve for It?

A

It = E(V)
—–
Rt

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7
Q

How to solve for Resistance?

How to solve for Voltage?

How to solve for Current?

(Use the pyramid)

A

E(V)
———–
I | R

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8
Q

How do you get total resistance in a series circuit?

A

Add the resistance up.

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9
Q

How do you get the total resistance in a parallel circuit?

A

The 1 over 1 over equation

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10
Q

How do you measure voltage in a parallel circuit?

A

You stratal each parallel resisters while the circuit is complete.

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11
Q

define a series circuit?

A

A single pathway

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12
Q

define a parallel circuit

A

multiple pathways

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13
Q

Describe the relationship of each voltage drop to each resistance value

A

more resistance bigger voltage drop

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14
Q

Note that Vx (the individual voltage drop) is a fraction of the total voltage (Vt), that fraction representing the individual resistance (Rx) divided by the total resistance (Rt).

A

Its not about the absolute value of the resistances, but the proportion relative to the total; if you had 10, 20, and 30 ohms, the voltage drops would be the same as with 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 ohms

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15
Q

What is the definition of Current?

Units of measure table

A

A flow of electrical charge

Current = I

Units of measure: Symbol: Value:
Ampere or amp A (x1)
milliamp mA 1/1000th of an amp
microamp μA 1/1,000,000th of
an amp

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16
Q

What is the definition of Voltage?

Units of measure table

A

A potential difference in electrical charge

Voltage = V or E

Units of measure: Symbol: Value:
volt V or E (x1)
millivolts mV 1/1000th of a volt
microvolt μV 1/1,000,000th of
a volt

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17
Q

What is the definition of resistance?

Units of measure table

A

The opposition to flow of an electrical current

Resistance = R

Units of measure: Symbol: Value:
Ohm Ω (x1)
kilohm kΩ ohm x 1,000
megohm MΩ ohm x 1,000,000

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18
Q

Power equation

A

P = V x I OR P = E x I

P=Power in watts (w)

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19
Q

What are the symbol and units for power?

A

P=Power in watts (w)

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20
Q

Microshock

A

current is less than 1 milliamp (mA)

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21
Q

Macroshock

A

current greater than 1 milliamp (mA)

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22
Q

What is the importance of a ground plug?

A

it can take more electricity than the body

23
Q

The cause of death from electrical shock is usually from what cardiac arrythmia?

A

v-fib

24
Q

A green wire is

A

Ground

25
Q

A white wire is

A

Neutral

26
Q

A black wire is

A

live (hot wire)

27
Q

what type of plug is hospital grade?

A

Three prong plug

28
Q

Unwanted or unnecessary physiological response to current is?

A

electrical shock

29
Q

What department checks electrical in the hospital setting?

A

Biomedical department

30
Q

A log rythmic scale has to be in powers of what on the y axis?

A

powers of 10. It can never start from 0.

example: 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000

31
Q

How many voltage drops in this Circuit?

There are two parallel resistors and four series resistors.

A

There are a total of 6 voltage drops

Each block of parallel resistors is 1 voltage drop and each series resistor is 1 voltage drop.

32
Q

Ohms law: if resistance decreases, what happens to current

A

Current increases

33
Q

What is a major node?

A

A branch between the circuits

34
Q

Give the voltage divider equation

A

Rp Rx
—- x Vt OR —- x Vt
Rt Rt

35
Q

What is the voltage drop across a parallel circuit?

A

There is 1 voltage drop

36
Q

Therefore, if you have a parallel circuit with a source voltage of 20V and one parallel circuit with R1, R2, and R3, what is the voltage drop across?

A

R1: 20V
R2: 20V
R3: 20V

37
Q

What materials make good conductors?

A

copper, silver, aluminum

38
Q

What materials make bad conductors?

A

Lead, gold, brass

39
Q

Define static electricity

A

Electrons are not moving and sitting on a surface.

when you walk across a rug and you get shocked.

40
Q

Cathode and Anode

A

Cathode is Positive of your AA battery

Anode is negative

Positive to positive repels
negative to negative repels
positive to negative attracts

41
Q

Electricity

A
  • physical phenomenon
  • Attraction of particles with opposite charges
  • Repulsion of particles with some charge

Electrons (-)
Protons (+)
Neutrons (No charge)

42
Q

Ohms Law
V(E)
———-
I / R

A

How to get resistance, voltage in volts and current in A (Amps)
OHMS LAW!!!

43
Q

How to read resistors to see how much resistance?

A

First color is the first number EX: 1
Second color is the second number EX: 0
Third color is the multiplier EX: x100

Example: 10 x100 =1000 ohm resistor

44
Q

How to calculate Resistance in Series Circuits

A

add them up

45
Q

How to calculate Resistance in a Parallel Circuit

A

1 over 1 over equation

46
Q

What is the equation to measure total Current or I(Ampere) in Series Circuit?

A

V
I = —-
R Voltage divided by resistance

47
Q

What is the equation to measure indivudual current in a parallel curcuit?

A

Rp
Ix = —– x It
Rx

48
Q

What is the equation to measure voltage in parallel?

A

Rp
—- x Vt
Rt

49
Q

what is the equation to measure voltage in series?

A

Rx
—- x Vt
Rt

50
Q

How do you get Rt in a circuit?

A

If the circuit is series, just add the resistors up.
If the circuit is parallel, do the 1 over 1 over equation, then add them up.
If the circuit is a series and parallel circuit, add the the Rp for each and the resistors in series.

51
Q

How do you convert from A to a mA to a μA?

A

move three places from the A to the Left for a mA

move six places from the A to the Left for a μA

52
Q

How do you convert from μA to mA?

A

Move three places to the Right

53
Q

How do you convert from 1Ω to KΩ then to a 1MΩ ?

A

move three places from 1Ω to the Left for a kΩ

move six places from 1Ω to the Left for a MΩ

54
Q

How do you convert from 1V to a mV to a μV?

A

move three places from the V to the Left for a mV

move six places from the V to the Left for a μV

102 Electricity/Medical Instrumentation 1 Fall 2013 (4 decks)

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