CVT 101 Cardiac Anatomy PP part 1 Flashcards
The pressure within the Thoracic Cage is
The pressure within the thoracic cage is -1 to -5 atmospheres
Thoracic cage occupies…
the upper portion of the body or trunk
The Thoracic Cavity occupies only….
the upper portion of the Thoracic Cage.
The _________ cavity extends up to the lower tip of the _________.
Peritoneal
Sternum
The peritoneal cavity defines…
the inferior boarder of our thoracic cavity.
Our sternum is anterior to our…
midline
What does the Diaphragm do?
How many layers does it have?
Big sheet of muscle that helps us breath. Our diaphragm flattens and contracts and helps us inhale and exhale.
It also helps close the thoracic cavity inferiorly.
It has two layers, the muscular portion and the tendinous portion.
Superiorly the narrow upper thoracic gives rise to….
part of the sternum, first ribs, the first thoracic vertebra and the beginning of the neck.
Posteriorly , the Thorax is protected / bounded by…
the 12 thoracic vertebra, posterior portions of the ribs, sternum , costal cartilages, anterior portion of the ribs , and the intercostal muscles.
5 cavities within the thoracic cage
In the Thoracic cage:
- thoracic cavity,
- mediastinal cavity,
- 2 plural cavities,
- 2 plural sacs,
- 2 lungs.
The two major cavities are
- abdominal cavity
2. thoracic cavity.
Serous fluid is
a protein based clear fluid that lubricates membranes and our pericardial sack.
Mediastinal Cavity contains…
We divide or section it as…
- The mediastinal cavity contains both plural cavities. page 129 grays anatomy
- It contains the thymus, the great vessels, the heart, pericardial cavity, trachea, esophagus, nerves (vegas and the Phrenic).
- We divide or section it as superior, inferior, anterior and posterior.
Vegas nerve is responsible for our…
heart rate
The pericardial cavity sits inside the…
mediastinal cavity.
Pericardial cavity contains:
- pericardial sac,
- the heart,
- all the great vessels that enter and leave.
- SVC,
- IVC,
- AO,
- PA,
- and pulmonary veins.
The great vessels are inside of…
the pericardial sac.
- The pericardium goes up about ______ on everything that enters and leaves the heart because…
- The pericardium regulates…
- 2 cm
…it is for structural support of those great vessels to the heart.
- temperature by way of the epicardial fat and offers a restraint for systole and diastole.
The Sternum lies anteriorly , to the ________ of the body.
superior
The Clavicles and the first 7 ribs join / articulate with the…
sternum
The Sternum has 3 parts :
- manubrium
- body (sternum)
- xiphoid process
What is the Sternal Angle of Louie?
The manubrium and the body of the sternum. It denotes your second intercostal space which is an anatomical landmark.
The Sulcus Costae is a groove in each rib , what does it protect / contain. ?
It protects our arteries and veins.
The spaces between the ribs are described as…
the External and Internal InterCostal Muscles.
External intercostal muscles are attached at different points on the ribs.
What direction do they go in? why? what do they protect?
They go in opposite directions. To help with breathing and the support the rib cage
They arise from the lower boarder of the rib above and they run obliquely downward and medially. They insert at the upper aspect of the rib below.
Vein, artery, and nerves are between the layers so everything is very well protected
The internal intercostal muscles insert from…
and they protect?
the lower portion of the rib above. Then runs downward and outward to insert to the upper aspect of the rib below.
Vein, artery, and nerves are between the layers so everything is very well protected
The two sets of muscles for the ribs are?
What is protected inside?
They are located on the back side of what?
we have two sets of muscles for the ribs. Internal and external. The muscles expand and contract.
The veins and the arteries are protected inside the muscle.
on the back side the sulcus casti.
The External intercostal muscles arise from…
the lower border of the rib above and run obliquely downward and medially and insert into the upper aspect of the rib below
The Internal Intercostal muscles insert from…
the lower portion of the rib above and runs downward and outward to insert to the upper aspect of the rib below.
the intercostal arteries ,veins and nerves lie between..
the 2 muscle layers (external and internal intercostal muscles) and the inner most intercostal muscle layer.
Scalene Muscles:
The scalene muscles lifts your first and second rib. Posterior scalene lifts your second rib. Scalene helps with inspiration.
The muscles lift and move forward our clavical and our first two ribs to help us take a breath in.
Carotid Sheath:
another term is the Carotid Sheath this a a fashia that supports all of the stuff in the vascular compartment. It is connective tissue. It describes our fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the vascular compartment in our neck. Supports our carotid artery, phrenic nerve, vegas nerves, lymphatic system. Our vessels are very protected.
Brachial Plexus:
brachial plexus is a vascular compartment that contains your nerves. This will be behind the first rib. also called a triangle. It contains our carotid, jugular vein, brachial cephalic. contains, nerves, top of the arch and head vessels. All of that is supported and defined/protected by your scalene muscles and your sternocleidomastoid muscles and your clavicle. Behind the first rib and is on both sides behind your sternocleidomastoid muscles. This is a vascular access.
Blood supply for the chest wall is provided by
the intercostal arteries and the internal mammary arteries.
The Chest wall conduction supplied by
the intercostal nerves.
The Thorax is also made up of the following :
2 plural cavities
mediastinal cavity
pericardial cavity
The Thoracic cavity is occupied by the 2 lungs each enclosed in its own pleura, What is the Pleura ?
Each pleural cavity is lined by a single layer of flat cells, mesothelium, and an associated layer of supporting connective tissue; together, they form the pleura.
The pleura is divided into two major types, based on location:
pleura associated with the walls of the pleural cavity is parietal pleura;
pleura that reflects from the medial wall and onto the surface of the lung is visceral pleura, which adheres to and covers the lung.
AORTA: give the anatomy
What type of valve does the AO have?
arises from?
what does it give rise to?
When we talk about the AO we look at the whole AO which is the aortic route: acending AO, transverse or top of the arch, descending AO, abdominal AO, then it bifurcates.
What type of valve does the AO have? aortic valve, semilunar valve.
aortic route arises from the left ventricle. It rises superiorly in the mediastinal cavity. It is part of the pericardial cavity. It goes back posteriorly and arches to the left. The head vessels off of the AO is enominate, left subclavian, left common.
what does it give rise to? Asending AO, right and left Coronary arteries.
PA:
arises from your right ventricle superiorly. Its direction is more anterior than the AO.
Rises superiorly.
Very short vessel. The main trunk is short.
It gives rise to the Main PA, right and left branches of the PA. It bifurcates into our RPA and LPA.
IVC:
It is responsible for Systemic venus return to the right atrium. It empties into the floor of the right atrium. It empties into the RA floor. It is in the floor of the RA. The valve of estacii partially covers the IVC. That is in Netter. page 157
(Valve of Thebesii partially covers the coronary sinus. The thebesii and estacii valves are a very thin sheathe. )
It is next to the AO to the Right in the abdominal cavity.
SVC:
systemic venus return from the upper extremities. Head, neck, thoracic cavity, chest wall, arms. SVC does not have a valve. It is superior and anterior on the right atrium. There is continuous flow on the SVC and IVC. The pulmonary veins also have continuous flow and do not have valves.
PMI:
point of maximal impact- where the heart hits the chest wall. The 4-5 intercostal space. Should be no more than the size of a quarter in a normal heart. This is palpated in a cardiac physical exam.
The Cardiac Apex points inferior , anterior and ______ degrees to the ______.
60 degrees
left
Cardiac Weight :
male and female
We look at the weight of the whole heart and the weight of the left ventricle. Cardiovascular disease changes that.
Males 280-340 grams
Females 230-280 grams
