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100 Physical Prin of Medicine 1 Fall 2013 > CVT 100 #5 PHYSICS WEEK 6 EXAM REVIEW > Flashcards

CVT 100 #5 PHYSICS WEEK 6 EXAM REVIEW Flashcards

0
Q

What is the definition of Force

A

mass x acceleration

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1
Q

What is the definition of mass

A

a quantity of stuff

can be defined by how much force it takes to change its state…

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2
Q

What is the definition of Pressure

A

force per unit area

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3
Q

Define Resistance

A

opposition to movement

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4
Q

Definition of Flow

A

volume per unit time

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5
Q

Velocity

A

distance per unit time

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6
Q

Units for force & pressure

SYSTEM: SI

Force:

Pressure:

A

Force : Newton (kg*m/sec^2)

Pressure: Newtons/m^2

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7
Q

Poiseuille’s Law:

• Resistance equation Flow equation •

A

Expressions of ∆P

P1 - P2 or P1 - P2
———- ———-
Time Length

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8
Q

Units for force & pressure

SYSTEM: CGS

Force:

Pressure:

A

Units for force & pressure

SYSTEM: CGS

Force: dyne (g*cm/sec^2)

Pressure: dynes/cm^2

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9
Q

Units for force & pressure

SYSTEM: British

Force:

Pressure:

A

Units for force & pressure

SYSTEM: British

Force: Slug (slug*ft./sec^2)

Pressure: lb./inch^2

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10
Q

Two ways to increase blood flow from heart during exercise:

A
  1. Increase heart rate

2. Increase force of myocardial contraction

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11
Q

Frank-Starling Law:

A

More filling,
more stretch —> more forcible contraction (more contractile force)

Balloon analogy: blow up a little, little force; blow up a lot, more force on release.

Or rubber band analogy: pull a little bit, little force; pull a lot, more force.

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12
Q

Function in Systole

Open Valves

Closed Valves

A

Systole Contraction, ejection

Approximately 1/3 of the cardiac cycle

Open valves: Aortic and pulmonic

Closed valves: Mitral and tricuspid

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13
Q

Function during Diastole

Open Valves

Closed Valves

A

Diastole Relaxation

Approximately 2/3 of the cardiac cycle

Open valves: MV and TV

Closed valves: AoV and PV

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14
Q

Distribution of blood volume:

A

About 1/3 in the arterial side,

and about 2/3 in the venous side.

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15
Q

Right heart provides energy for the

A

pulmonary circulation.

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16
Q

Left heart provides energy for the

A

systemic circulation.

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17
Q

The net effect of exercise is usually an increase of

A

systemic blood pressure.

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18
Q

What is acceleration?

A

Change of speed and/or direction.

Strictly speaking, velocity implies both speed and direction.

19
Q

Converting mmHg to dynes/cm2

A

1 mmHg = 1333 dynes/cm2

( it’s okay for our purposes to use 1.3 x 103)

So, 120 mmHg = ________ dynes/cm2

20
Q

To change dynes/cm2 to mmHg

A

DIVIDE by (1.3 x 10^3)

21
Q

Starling’s Law

A

Increased LV filling,

increased myocardial stretch,

increased force of contraction

22
Q

Exercise physiology:

•Muscle contraction —>

A

collapse veins More blood goes to heart and arterial side
•More force of contraction (Starling) —> higher BP

More blood from heart due to:

a) stronger contractions, and
b) increased heart rate

23
Q

Arterioles dilate in response to

A

local chemistry (metabolites) —> decreased resistance in muscles —> more flow to muscles

25
Q

Viscosity

A 
"is the measure of a fluids resistance to flow and deformation due to stress
Common symbol(s):	η, μ

SI unit: Pa·s = kg/(s·m)

26
Q

Pressure drops across segments of circulation.

A
  • 1st Arteries
  • Aorta
  • Large arteries
  • Branch arteries
  • 2nd Arterioles
  • 3rd Capillaries
  • 4th Venules and veins
27
Q

2/3 to 3/4 of the blood is in our …

A

venous cycle because it needs to go back to the heart for SaO2.

28
Q

arterioles control the flow of the system because they control …

A

the diameter by adjusting the resistance. When the arterioles are contracted they are constricting the flow and when they are relaxed they dilate the vessels.

29
Q

The largest drop is in the____________because…

A

The largest drop is in the ARTERIOLES

BECAUSE: they control the flow by constricting and dilating the vessels.

30
Q

Force/pressure/area
Flow/∆P/resistance

mmHg to/from dynes/cm2

           and

L/min to/from cm3/sec

A

Force/pressure/area
Flow/∆P/resistance

mmHg to/from dynes/cm2

           and

L/min to/from cm3/sec

31
Q

Expressions of ∆P •

A

P1 - P2 or P1 - P2
———- ———-
Time Length

32
Q

WHAT HEART VALVES ARE OPEN DURING SYSTOLE?

A

AO AND PV

AORTIC VALVE AND PULMONARY VALVE

33
Q

WHICH VALVES ARE OPEN DURING DIASTOLE?

A

MV AND TV

Mitral valve and Tricuspid Valve

34
Q 
CHARACTERISTICS OF VESSELS:
ARTERIES:
Velocity
Pressure
Resistance
Volume
A 
ARTERIES HAVE:
HIGHEST VELOCITY
HIGHEST PRESSURE
LOW TO MODERATE RESISTANCE
~12% VOLUME
35
Q 
CHARACTERISTICS OF VESSELS: ARTERIOLES:
Velocity
Pressure
Resistance
Volume
A 
ARTERIOLES HAVE:
LOWER VELOCITY
LOWER PRESSURE
HIGHEST RESISTANCE
 ~2% VOLUME
36
Q 
CHARACTERISTICS OF VESSELS: CAPILLARIES:
Velocity
Pressure
Resistance
Volume
A 
CAPILLARIES HAVE:
LOWEST VELOCITY
LOWER PRESSURE
LOW TO MODERATE RESISTANCE
~5% VOLUME
37
Q 
CHARACTERISTICS OF VESSELS: 
VEINS:
Velocity
Pressure
Resistance
Volume
A 
VEINS HAVE:
VELOCITY UP AGAIN
LOWEST PRESSURE
LOWEST RESISTANCE
 ~2/3 VOLUME
38
Q

When would you measure AORTIC STENOSIS?

Where would you measure?

A

MEASURE VELOCITY AT SYSTOLE

MEASURE PRESSURE IN THE LV AND AO INCREASED PRESSURE IN THE LV

39
Q

When would you measure MV STENOSIS?

Where would you measure?

A

MEASURE VELOCITY AT DIASTOLE

MEASURE PRESSURE IN THE LA AND LV INCREASED PRESSURE IN THE LA

40
Q

Sx of LE arterial obstructive disease Claudication:

A

pain with exercise, relieved by rest

Usually calf, possibly progressing to thigh, hip, buttock

41
Q

WHENEVER YOU HAVE A NARROWING/STENOSIS, YOU HAVE A LOSS OF ENERGY WHERE?

A

DISTAL TO THAT STENOSIS.

42
Q

WHEN WOULD YOU ASSESS FOR AN AORTIC STENOSIS?

A

DURING SYSTOLE

43
Q

WHERE WOULD I FIND THE HIGHER PRESSURE?

A

IN THE LV

44
Q

WHEN WOULD YOU ASSES FOR MITRAL VALVE STENOSIS?

A

DURING DIASTOLE

45
Q

WHERE WOULD YOU FIND THE HIGHER PRESSURE?

A

IN THE LA

46
Q

WHAT DOES A SIGNIFICANT GRADIENT BETWEEN THE CUFFS SUGGEST?

A

THAT THERE IS SOME STENOSIS BETWEEN THE CUFFS.

100 Physical Prin of Medicine 1 Fall 2013 (9 decks)

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