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CVS Pharmacology > CVS Drugs > Flashcards

CVS Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main effects of diuretics on the kidneys?

A

Block Na reabsorption by the kidneys.

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2
Q

What are the two types of Diuretics? Give two examples.

A
  1. Thiazide- Bendroflumethiazide. Mild, used in Hypertension.
  2. Loop- Furosemide. Stronger, used in Heart failure
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3
Q

What are the common side effects/clinical manifestations of Diuretics?

A
  1. Hypokalaemia (reduced Na, reduced K)- tiredness, Arrhythmias
  2. Hyperglycaemia- diabetes
  3. Uric acid- Gout
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4
Q

What is the action mechanism and wanted effects of B blockers? (2 types)

A
  1. Cardioselective B1 blockers- reduce HR and oxygen demand from the heart by reducing renin release
  2. Non selective- Block B1 & B2- reduced HR and force of contraction
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5
Q

Give an example of each type of B blocker and their usage.

A
  1. Cardioselective- B1.

Eg Atenolol- Used in Angina, Hypertension, heart failure

  1. Non selective- B1+2

Eg Propanolol- Used in Thyrotoxicosis

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6
Q

B blockers should never be used in _ patients. What are its other side effects?

A

Asthma- B2 adrenoceptors cause bronchodilatoin in airway SM. Blocking these= Bronchoconstriction

Others

  1. Tired
  2. Heart failure- can make it worse in short term, good long term
  3. Cold peripheries
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7
Q

Two types of Calcium antagonists? Give an example and use for each type.

A
  1. Dihydropyridines- Amlodipine. Used in Hypertension, angina
  2. Rate limitng Ca antagonists- Verapamil- Same use + AF, SVT
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8
Q

Side effects of each type of Ca blocker?

A
  1. Dihydropyridine- Ankle oedema
  2. Rate limitng Ca antagonist- Avoid with B blocker
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9
Q

What are the effects of a blockers? Give an example, use and side effect

A

Block a adrenoceptors= Vasodilation

Eg Doxacozin- h.tension, prostatic hypertrophy

Side effect -Postural hypotension

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10
Q

What are the effects of ACEI’s? Give an example, uses and side effect.

A

Block conversion of Angiotensin I- Angiotension II.

Lisinopril- Use- H.tension, Heart failure

Side effects- Cough, Renal dysfunction, angioneurotic oedema

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11
Q

ACE inhibitors must never be used in what type of hypertension?

A

Pregnancy Induced hypertension

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12
Q

If a patient gets a bad cough due to ACE, they should be given a _. What is _’s action mechanism? Give an example.

A

ARB- Block Angiotension II receptors.

Eg Losartan

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13
Q

Side effects of ARB’s?

A

No cough

Renal dysfunction

Again Never use in Pregnancy induced hypertension

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14
Q

Nitrates have a _ effect.

They are used in _ and _.

Eg is _

Side effects include _ and _.

A

Vasodilatory

Angina & Acute HF

Isosorbide Mononitrate

Headache & Hypotension/Collapse

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15
Q

Antiplatelet drugs prevent _. Give 4 examples.

A

New Thrombosis

Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor, Prasugrel

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16
Q

What conditions are anti-platelets used in? What are some side effects ?

A
  1. MI
  2. Angina
  3. CVA/TIA

Side effects

  1. Haemorrhage
  2. Peptic ulcer- haemorrhage
  3. Asthma- aspirin sensitivity
17
Q

Another type of drugs that prevents new thrombosis are _.

Give 4 examples and their mechanism

What conditions are they used for?

A

Anticoagulants

  1. Heparin- Block clotting factors (2,7,9,10)
  2. Warfarin–Block clotting factors (2,7,9,10)
  3. Rivoroxiban- factor Xa inhibitor
  4. Dabigatran- Thrombin factor IIa inhibitor

DVT, PE, SNTEMI, AF

18
Q

Two types of Anti-cholesterol drugs?

A
  1. Statins- HMG co-reductase inhibition. Simvastatin, Atorvastatin.

Use- Hypercholesterolaemia, Angina,MI, Diabetes

  1. Fibrates- Bezafibrate

Used in low HDL cholesterol, hyper-triglyceridaemia

19
Q

What are the anti-arrhythmics used for the following types-

  1. Supraventricular arrhythmias
  2. Ventricular/ SVT’s
  3. Long acting
A
  1. Adenosie- acute phase
  2. Amiadarone, B blocker, Flecainide
  3. Amiadarone

Side effects- phototoxicity, pulmonary fibrosis

20
Q

What are the two effects of Digoxin? Other side effects? (3)

A
  1. Blocks AV conduction- increases nodal delay. Good for AF. Excessive- heart block, bradycardia
  2. Increases ventricular irritability- VT’s. Always bad.

Other side effects- nausea, vomiting, yellow vision.

CVS Pharmacology (3 decks)

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