CVS Drugs

Question 1

what are ACEi used for, example, MOA and common ADR

Answer 1

-Used to treat hypertension
-belong to the ‘pril’ drugs e.g. Ramipril
-Inhibit ACE-mediated conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II: leading to vasodilation and reduced aldosterone secretion.
-ADR include: persistent dry cough (accumulation of Bradykinin), angioedema, hypotension on first dose.

Question 2

what are ARBs used for, example, MOA and common ADR

Answer 2

• Used to treat hypertension
  -e.g. Losartan ‘sartan’
  -Angiotensin I receptor antagonist leading to vasodilation + reduced aldosterone secretion
  -common ADR are hypotension, renal impairment and hyperkalaemia

Question 3

what are renin-inhibitors used for, example, MOA and common ADR

Answer 3

• treat hypertension
  -Aliskiren is an example
  -Direct renin inhibition –> vasodilation + reduced aldosterone secretion

Question 4

what are CCBs used for, example, MOA and common ADR

Answer 4

Treat hypertension
- 2 classes Dihydropyridines (act on smooth muscle to cause vasodilation) and Nondihydropyradines (act in the heart)
-Both block L-type calcium channels
- ADR include bradycardia + heart failure + Ankle oedema + reflex tachycardia + excessive hypotension

Question 5

what are Thiazide - like diuretics used for, example, MOA and common ADR

Answer 5

• hypertension treatment
• Chlorthalidone + Indapamide are examples
  -Inhibit reabsorption of sodium in the distal convoluted tubule to promote sodium and water excretion in urine –> reduction in blood volume
• ADR include hypokalaemia + dehydration (leading to hypotension)

Question 6

what are Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists used for, example, MOA and common ADR

Answer 6

• Treat hypertension
• e.g. propranolol ‘lol’
  -Block B1(B2) receptors
  -cardiac effects - decrease contractility, decrease relaxation rate, decrease heart rate
  -vascular effects = smooth muscle contraction
  -ADR include bradycardia + cardiac depression

Question 7

what are Aldosterone receptor antagonists used for, example, MOA and common ADR

Answer 7

• treatment of hypertension
• e.g.spironolactone and eplerenone
• antagonise aldosterone receptors by preventing insertion of pumps and channels in DCT and CD
  -ADR include metabolic acidosis, kidney injury, muscle weakness + fatigue

Question 8

what are NO used for + MOA

Answer 8

treat hypertension by causing vasodilation
- NO stimulates cytoplasmic guanylyl cyclase –>elevation of cGMP–> activation of protein kinase G –> vasodilation