CVS dissection anatomy

Question 1

Where is the heart located

Answer 1

In the middle mediastinum

Orientated so that the apex is towards the anterior inferior

Question 2

Where is the coronary sinus located

And the anterior and prosterior interventricular sulci

Answer 2

Coronary sinus runs transversly around heart and shows where the atria ventral wall is
Anterior prosterior interventricular sulci run vertically showing where the ventricles are separated

Question 3

Where are the pericardial sinuses located and state their clinical application

Answer 3

Passage formed from the folding of the pericardium
Oblique: blind ending passageway on the posterior surface of the heart
Transverse: superiorly to the heart, used in coronary artery bypass grafting

Question 4

What is the mediastinum?

Answer 4

Central compartment of the thoracic cavity
Contains all thoracic visceral structures apart form the lungs
Divided by sternal angle into
Superior mediastinum: between sternal angle and superior thoracic aperture
Inferior mediastinum: below sternal angle. Subdivided by pericardium into anterior, middle, and posterior mediastinum.

Question 5

Describe the layers of the pericardium

Fart Police Smell Villans

Answer 5

Fibrous pericardium
Serous: parietal later
Space
Serous: visceral layer (epicardium)

Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 6

Which nerves innervates the pericardium

Answer 6

C3-C5 (phrenic nerve)

3-5 keeps the diaphragm alive

Question 7

What the pericardium and what is its 4 main functions

Answer 7

Fibre genius fluid filled sac surrounding heart and roots of great vessels
Fixes the heart in the mediastinum
Prevents overfilling of the heart
Lubrication: 
Protection from infection