CVS Anatomy Flashcards
Which chamber of the heart forms the posterior surface of the heart?
LA
Which chamber(s) form(s) the diaphragmatic surface of the heart?
The left ventricle and part of the right ventricle
Which chamber of the heart forms the right surface?
RA
Which chamber of the heart forms the left surface?
Left ventricle
Which chamber of the heart forms the apex?
The left ventricle
In which intercostal space is the apex of the heart found?
5th
List the borders of the heart
Superior = LA, RA and great vessels Inferior = RV Right = RA Left = LV (and some of LA)
Where does the pericardium sit within the chest?
Middle mediastinum
Which chamber of the heart forms the anterior surface?
RV
Which vessels branch off from the left coronary artery?
The circumflex branch of the LCA (wraps round to posterior side)
The left marginal
The LAD
Which vessels branch off from the right coronary artery?
The right marginal
The posterior descending artery
Which cardiac vein ascends with the LAD?
Where does it originate from?
The great cardiac vein
The apex
Which vein follows the same path as the right marginal artery?
The small cardiac vein
Which 3 veins feed into the coronary sinus from the inferior parts of the heart?
From right to left:
Middle cardiac vein
Left posterior ventricular vein
Left marginal vein
Which vein descends to drain into the coronary sinus?
The oblique vein of the left atrium
Describe the pericardium
Fibrous sac surrounding the heart
Outer layer = fibrous
Inner layer = serous
Serous has two layers - visceral and parietal
Which nerve innervates the pericardium?
What are its nerve roots?
Phrenic nerve C3 - C5
What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?
Epicardium - continuous with the visceral layer of the pericardium
Myocardium - muscle
Endocardium - continuous with endocardium of great vessels
What forms the sinuses in the heart?
Reflections of the pericardium
Where is the oblique sinus found?
On the posterior surface of the heart
Where is the transverse sinus found?
Posterior to the aorta and pulmonary trunk, but anterior to the SVC - i.e. separates venous and arterial vessels.
What is the anatomical location of the SA node?
Located at the junction of the SVC and RA, at the superior end of the crista terminalis.
Which vessel supplies the SA node?
RCA (in 60% of people)
Circumflex branch of LCA (40% of people)
Which coronary vessel supplies the AV node?
The AV nodal branch from the posterior RCA
Which coronary vessel supplies the right atrium?
The RCA
Which areas of the heart are supplied by the RCA?
SA node
AV node
RA
Which vessels supply the right ventricle?
Right marginal
LAD
Posterior interventricular branch of the RCA (or LCA in 33%)
Which vessels supply the left ventricle?
The LAD
The left marginal
Which parts of the heart are supplied by the LAD?
RV
LV
Anterior 2/3rds of septum
Which vessels supply the posterior 1/3rd of the interventricular septum?
RCA
LCA
Which structure separates the two regions of the right atrium?
The crista terminalis
What is the name given to the area of the RA posterior to the crista terminalis?
Which embryological structure does this come from?
Sinus of venae cavae
Sinus venosus
Where precisely do the vena cavae drain into?
The sinus of vena cavae, in the right atrium
What is different about the wall of the right atrium anteriorly and posteriorly to the crista terminalis?
Anteriorly - pectinate muscles
Posteriorly - smooth, thin walls
Both the right and left atria are separated into two regions. What is different about their separation?
Right is separated by a muscular ridge - crista terminalis
Left - no distinct separation
Which part of the left atrium in the inflow half, and which is the outflow half?
Inflow = posterior Outflow = anterior
What embryological structure do the anterior parts of both atria originate from?
The primitive atrium
What is the function of the chordae tendinae?
Prevent inversion of the atrioventricular valves during systole
Connect the cusps of the A-V valves with the papillary muscles
During what phases of the cardiac cycle do the papillary muscles contract?
Begin immediately before ventricular systole, and continue throughout systole.
How do the semi-lunar valves shut?
No papillary muscle/cordae tendinae –> elastic recoil during diastole forces blood backwards towards the heart. This pressure on the valves forces them shut.
Where are the aortic sinuses?
Name given to the areas between the cusps of the aortic valve and the wall of the aorta
Where do the coronary sinuses originate from?
The left and right aortic sinuses
How do the coronary arteries fill with blood?
During diastole, elastic recoil forces blood backwards, into the sinuses –> blood flows into the coronary arteries.
