CVS Anatomy

Question 1

Which chamber of the heart forms the posterior surface of the heart?

Answer 1

LA

Question 2

Which chamber(s) form(s) the diaphragmatic surface of the heart?

Answer 2

The left ventricle and part of the right ventricle

Question 3

Which chamber of the heart forms the right surface?

Answer 3

RA

Question 4

Which chamber of the heart forms the left surface?

Answer 4

Left ventricle

Question 5

Which chamber of the heart forms the apex?

Answer 5

The left ventricle

Question 6

In which intercostal space is the apex of the heart found?

Answer 6

5th

Question 7

List the borders of the heart

Answer 7

Superior = LA, RA and great vessels
Inferior = RV
Right = RA
Left = LV (and some of LA)

Question 8

Where does the pericardium sit within the chest?

Answer 8

Middle mediastinum

Question 9

Which chamber of the heart forms the anterior surface?

Answer 9

RV

Question 10

Which vessels branch off from the left coronary artery?

Answer 10

The circumflex branch of the LCA (wraps round to posterior side)
The left marginal
The LAD

Question 11

Which vessels branch off from the right coronary artery?

Answer 11

The right marginal

The posterior descending artery

Question 12

Which cardiac vein ascends with the LAD?

Where does it originate from?

Answer 12

The great cardiac vein

The apex

Question 13

Which vein follows the same path as the right marginal artery?

Answer 13

The small cardiac vein

Question 14

Which 3 veins feed into the coronary sinus from the inferior parts of the heart?

Answer 14

From right to left:
Middle cardiac vein
Left posterior ventricular vein
Left marginal vein

Question 15

Which vein descends to drain into the coronary sinus?

Answer 15

The oblique vein of the left atrium

Question 16

Describe the pericardium

Answer 16

Fibrous sac surrounding the heart
Outer layer = fibrous
Inner layer = serous
Serous has two layers - visceral and parietal

Question 17

Which nerve innervates the pericardium?

What are its nerve roots?

Answer 17

Phrenic nerve C3 - C5

Question 18

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

Answer 18

Epicardium - continuous with the visceral layer of the pericardium
Myocardium - muscle
Endocardium - continuous with endocardium of great vessels

Question 19

What forms the sinuses in the heart?

Answer 19

Reflections of the pericardium

Question 20

Where is the oblique sinus found?

Answer 20

On the posterior surface of the heart

Question 21

Where is the transverse sinus found?

Answer 21

Posterior to the aorta and pulmonary trunk, but anterior to the SVC - i.e. separates venous and arterial vessels.

Question 22

What is the anatomical location of the SA node?

Answer 22

Located at the junction of the SVC and RA, at the superior end of the crista terminalis.

Question 23

Which vessel supplies the SA node?

Answer 23

RCA (in 60% of people)

Circumflex branch of LCA (40% of people)

Question 24

Which coronary vessel supplies the AV node?

Answer 24

The AV nodal branch from the posterior RCA

Question 25

Which coronary vessel supplies the right atrium?

Answer 25

The RCA

Question 26

Which areas of the heart are supplied by the RCA?

Answer 26

SA node AV node RA

Question 27

Which vessels supply the right ventricle?

Answer 27

Right marginal LAD Posterior interventricular branch of the RCA (or LCA in 33%)

Question 28

Which vessels supply the left ventricle?

Answer 28

The LAD | The left marginal

Question 29

Which parts of the heart are supplied by the LAD?

Answer 29

RV LV Anterior 2/3rds of septum

Question 30

Which vessels supply the posterior 1/3rd of the interventricular septum?

Answer 30

RCA | LCA

Question 31

Which structure separates the two regions of the right atrium?

Answer 31

The crista terminalis

Question 32

What is the name given to the area of the RA posterior to the crista terminalis? Which embryological structure does this come from?

Answer 32

Sinus of venae cavae | Sinus venosus

Question 33

Where precisely do the vena cavae drain into?

Answer 33

The sinus of vena cavae, in the right atrium

Question 34

What is different about the wall of the right atrium anteriorly and posteriorly to the crista terminalis?

Answer 34

Anteriorly - pectinate muscles | Posteriorly - smooth, thin walls

Question 35

Both the right and left atria are separated into two regions. What is different about their separation?

Answer 35

Right is separated by a muscular ridge - crista terminalis | Left - no distinct separation

Question 36

Which part of the left atrium in the inflow half, and which is the outflow half?

Answer 36

``` Inflow = posterior Outflow = anterior ```

Question 37

What embryological structure do the anterior parts of both atria originate from?

Answer 37

The primitive atrium

Question 38

What is the function of the chordae tendinae?

Answer 38

Prevent inversion of the atrioventricular valves during systole Connect the cusps of the A-V valves with the papillary muscles

Question 39

During what phases of the cardiac cycle do the papillary muscles contract?

Answer 39

Begin immediately before ventricular systole, and continue throughout systole.

Question 40

How do the semi-lunar valves shut?

Answer 40

No papillary muscle/cordae tendinae --> elastic recoil during diastole forces blood backwards towards the heart. This pressure on the valves forces them shut.

Question 41

Where are the aortic sinuses?

Answer 41

Name given to the areas between the cusps of the aortic valve and the wall of the aorta

Question 42

Where do the coronary sinuses originate from?

Answer 42

The left and right aortic sinuses

Question 43

How do the coronary arteries fill with blood?

Answer 43

During diastole, elastic recoil forces blood backwards, into the sinuses --> blood flows into the coronary arteries.