CVS

Question 1

List the components of CVS

Answer 1

Heart (four chambered, muscular organ)
Arteries and arterioles
Venules and Veins (The biggest being venae cavae)
Capillaries ( Capillaries are replaced by sinusoids in liver and spleen )

Question 2

Functional Classification of Blood Vessels

Answer 2

Distributing Vessels - arteries
Resistance Vessels - Arterioles and Precapillary sphincters
Exchange Vessels - Capillaries and postcapillary venules
Reservoir (Capacitance) Vessels - Larger Veins
Shunts - Anastomoses

Question 3

Types of Circulation

Answer 3

Systemic (Greater) Circulation
Pulmonary (Lesser) Circulation
Portal Circulation

Question 4

Characteristics of Portal Circulation

Answer 4

Two sets of capillaries before draining into a systemic vein
Vein draining the first set of capillaries which further branch to form the second set of capillaries or sinusoids are Portal Vein

Question 5

List Three portal Circulations systems

Answer 5

Hepatic Portal Circulation
Hypo-thalamo Hypophyseal Portal Circulation
Renal Portal Circulation

Question 6

Characteristic Features of Arteries

Answer 6

• thick walled being thicker than ACCOMPANYING vein (except for arteries of the cranium and vertebral canal where the walls are thin)
• Lumen smaller than ACCOMPANYING vein
• No valves
• Accompanied by nerve and vein forming the nuerovascular bundle surrounded and supported by a fibroareolar sheath ( of deep fascia )

Question 7

Types of arteries

Answer 7

• -Large arteries of elastic type - pulmonary artery, aorta and its branches ( brachiocephalic, common carotid, subclavian, common iliac). RESPONSIBLE FOR SYSTOLIC BP
• -Medium and small arteries of muscular type - temporal, occipital, radial, popliteal
• -Arterioles which are smallest arteries of muscular type- divide into terminal arterioles with one or two layers of smooth muscles. side branches of the terminal arterioles are called metarterioles whose narrow terminal end has precapillary sphincters hence regulating the blood flow through the capillary bed . RESPONSIBLE FOR GENERATING DIASTOLIC BP (generates peripheral resistance)

Question 8

List the layers of Blood vessels (Veins and Arteries) and their modifications in each

Answer 8

Tunica Intima (inner)
Tunica Media (middle layer)
Tunica adventitia (Outer and strongest)- merges with the perivascular sheath 

Arteries- The relative thickness of the coats and the relative proportion of the muscular, elastic and fibrous tissue vary in different arteries
Veins-
Ill-defined coats, muscle and elastic content is poor
Tunica media has more collagen than elastic and muscle fibres.
Tunica adventitia is thickest and best developed Smooth muscles are all together absent in:
1. Veins of maternal placenta
2. Cranial Venous sinuses and pial veins
3. Retinal veins
4. Veins of cancellous bones
5. venous spaces of the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum

Question 9

Blood supply of arteries

Answer 9

Vasa Vasorum (form dense capillary network) - tunica adventitia and outer layers of tunica media  (Lymphatics and minute veins are accompanying)
Simple diffusion from luminal blood - Tunica intima and inner layers of tunica media

Question 10

List the palpable arteries

Answer 10

Common carotid
Brachial 
Radial 
Abdominal aorta 
femoral 
posterior tibial 
Dorsalis pedis

Question 11

Nerve supply of the arteries

Answer 11

Nervi Vasorum