CVS Flashcards
Risk factors for ischaemic heart disease
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- HTN
- Hypercholesterolaemia
- FHx IHD
Complications of IHD
Heart failure
LV thrombus
Arrythmias
Investigations for IHD
- ECG
- ETT/stress echo
- Echo
- Angiography
Risk factors for IE
Normal valves: skin breaches, renal failure, immunosuppression, diabetes
Abnormal valves: rheumatic heart disease, IVDU, prosthetic valves
Invstigations for IE
Bedside: ECG urine
Bloods: FBC, U&E, CRP, cultures
Imaging: CXR, TTE, CT head if new neurology
Major criteria for Modified Duke
- Two positive cultures or persistently positive cultures
- Evidence of endocardial involvement (on echo or new valvular regurgitaiton auscultated)
Minor criteria for modified duke:
- Predisposition i.e. IVDU, prosthetic valve
- Vascular phenomena
- Immunologic phenomena
- Positive cultures not meeting major criteria
Cx of IE
Cardiac: valvular insufficiency, heart failure, arrythmias
Non-cardiac: systemic embolisation e.g. stroke, renal failure, brain abscess
Definition of stable angina
Coronary artery atherosclerosis restricting blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart.
Precipitated bye xertion and relieved by rest.
Management of acute angina attacks
Sublingual GTN
If >2x attacks per week: regular drug therapy
Medical therapy to prevent angina attacks
- Beta blocker or CCB
2. Nitrate or rate limiting CCB second line
Long term therapy for ACS
- Aspirin + ticag (1 year then sole aspirin therapy following)
- ACE-i
- Beta blocker: carvedilol, metoprolol, bisoprolol
- Statins
- Spironolactone if EF <40%
Contraindications for aspirin
Peptic ulceration
Severe cardiac failure
Hypersensitivity
Which drug class primarily used for VTE prophylaxis?
LMWH e.g. enoxaparin (clexane)
Use of dabigatran/rivaroxaban contraindicated with CrCl
Dabigatran: <30
Rivaroxaban: <15
