CVS Flashcards
Precordium
vertically from 2nd-5th ICS and transversely from right border of sternum to LMCL
Base
R and L 2nd ICS close to sternum
Apex
5th ICS
1-2 cm median to MCL
7-9 cm lateral to MSL
R border of the heart and the chamber
3rd ICC 2 cm lateral to the sternum down to the 6th Right CCJ
Right atrium
L border of the heart and the chamber
apex to the 2nd L ICC9 1-2 cm to the left of its articulation with the sternum
Left ventricle and superiorly by the left atrium
Inferior border of the heart and the chamber
6th R CCJ to the 5th ICS 1-2 cm median to the MCL
Right ventricle
Aortic
2nd LCS Right PSL
Pulmonic
2nd ICS Left PSL
Triscuspid
4th-5th ICS left lower sternal border (left xiphisternal junction
Mitral
5th left ICS median to MCL
S1 and S2
closure of Atrioventricular valves M1 T1
closure of semilunar valves A2 P2
S3 and S4
ventricular filling (gallop) atrial contraction
Chest pain that improves when leaning forward
pericarditions
Exertional pain radiating to the left sode of the neck
angina pectoris
sharp pain radiating to the back or into the neck
aortic dissection
transient skips and flipflops
premature contractions
rapid regular rate more than 100 but less than 120 bpm
sinus tacchycardia
paroxysmal noctural dsypnea suggestd
Left ventricular heart failure or mitral stenosis
central cyanosis is significant in
right-to-left- shunting at the level of the heart or lung
ventricular septal defect, partial obstruction of right ventricular outflow and pulmonary valve
tetralogy of falot
AKA peripheral cyanosis, small vessel contriction
acrocyanosis
cyanosis seen in Patent ductus arteriosus with right-to–left shunting( reversal of shunting)
Differential cyanosis
what is differential cyanosis
cyanosis of the lower but not the upper extremetries
defect at the descending aorta and pumonary artery
patent ductus arteriosus
lesions seen in infective endocarditis
Osler’s node, Janeway lesions, splinter hemorrhages
Janeway’s lesion
nontender, slighly raised hemorrhage at the palms or sole
Osler’s nodes
tender, raised nodule on the pad;s of fingers
sign to check for clubbing of fingers
Schamroth sign’s
Schamroth’s sign seen in
central right-to-left shunting and endocarditis
Unoppsed fingerized thumb is found in what defect and associated with what disease
Atrial septal defect seen inHolt-Oram Syndrome
positive wrist sign is seen in what defect
arachinodactyly or spider fingers
positive thumb sign is seen in what disease
Marfan Syndrome
Marfan Syndrome is associated with what heart defects
Mitral Valve Prolapse and Aortic aneurysm
prolonged y descend is associated with what defect
triscupid stenosis and pericardial tamponade
increases JVP is significant in what heat diseases
Right sided heart failure due to constrictive pericarditis, triscuspid failure, SVC obstruction
prominent a wave is indicated, resistance to atrial contraction
triscuspid stenosis and decreased compliance in hypertrophied RV
Cannon A wave means
3rd degree AV block;
right atrial contraction against closed tricuspid valve
Absent a wave indicates
atrial fibrillation, no discernable p waves, irregular RR intervals
Larger v waves indicates
tricuspid regurgitation
giant cv waves
severe TR
prolonged y wave
tricuspid stenosis and cardiac tamponade
pulsation descends with inspirstion, rise or lack of fall of JVP with inspiration
kussmaul’s sign
