CVS

Question 1

1. Why do we inspect for malar flush?

Answer 1

Malar flush is redning of the cheeks. Can be due to CO2 retention, secondary to mitral stenosis.

Other cause include; SLE, Polycythaemia vera.

Question 2

What does a slow rising carotid pulse indicate?

Answer 2

Aortic stenosis

Question 3

What does a collapsing pulse indicate?

Answer 3

Aortic regurg

Question 4

What is GTN spray?

Answer 4

Glyceryl trinitrate
Used for prophylaxis and treatment of angina
Sprayed under tongue
Causes vascular smooth muscle dilation (or coronary arteries?)

Question 5

What causes oslers nodes?

Whats 2 conditions can you find this presentation?

Answer 5

immune complex deposition

1. Subacute bacterial endocarditis (infective endoc..)
2. SLE

Question 6

What are CVS causes of clubbing?

Answer 6

Infective endocarditis

Congenital heart defects ()

Question 7

What are the 3 stigmata of endocarditis?

Answer 7

Oslers nodes
Janeway lesions
Splinter haemorrhages

Question 8

What is the Important thing to do when auscultating for bruits?

Answer 8

Tell patient to stop breathing

use the bell

Question 9

What is systole? And diastole?

What is an ejection systolic murmur?

Answer 9

Systole - Contraction
Diastole - relaxation

ES Murmur is a murmur heard when blood is being ejected from ventricles

Question 10

What is aortic stenosis

Answer 10

Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve opening. Aortic stenosis restricts the blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta

So a stenosis is a limiting of flow of blood through a valve

Question 11

What is a regurgitation?

Answer 11

When blood leaks back out through a valve

Question 12

What are the systolic and diastolic murmurs?

Method to remember them?

Answer 12

Systolic;
Aortic Stenosis
Mitral Regurg

Diastolic;
Aortic Regurg
Mitral Stenosis

Method;
opposites. if aortic stenosis is systolic, the partnering systolic murmur will be 2 changes - change aortic to mitral then change stenosis to regurg.

For tricuspid remember that closes at the same time as mitral

Question 13

which murmurs are classified as follows
Ejection Systolic = 
Pan-systolic =
Early Diastolic = 
Mid Diastolic =

Answer 13

Ejection Systolic = Aortic Stenosis

Pan-systolic = Mitral Regurgitation

Early Diastolic = Aortic Regurgitation

Mid Diastolic = Mitral Stenosis