CVS Flashcards
what is responsible for the apex beat and is normally palpated in the left 5th intercostal space and midclavicular line
left ventricle
which valve prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular systole
mitral valve
what vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart
pulmonary vein
what maintains the systematic diastolic blood pressure by preventing backflow on blood into heart during diastole
aortic valve
what prevents high pressures developing in the jugular veins during ventricular systole
tricuspid valve
what 3 parts is the sternum composed of
manubrium
body
xiphoid process/ xiphisternum
what does manubrium articulate with
laterally: clavicle at the sternoclavicular notch
first rib
inferiorly: body at sternal angle/ angle of louis
superiorly: suprasternal (jugular) notch
what does body articulate with
ribs 2-7
manubrium and xiphoid process
what does xiphoid process articulate with
7th rib
body
how many pairs of ribs do we have
12
what are the anterior parts of the ribs composed of
costal cartilage
why are ribs 1-7 true ribs
their coastal cartilage articulates directly with the sternum
why are ribs 8-10 false ribs
they unite with rib 7 costal cartilage
why are ribs 11 and 12 floating ribs
they do not articulate with the sternum
which ribs are typical ribs
3-9
which ribs are atypical
1,2, 10-12
how many thoracic vertebrae do we have
12
which rib lies at the sternal angle
second rib
what is a dermatome
an area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve
what are the 3 layers of intercostal muscles
external
internal
innermost
where is the pectoralis major
most superficial muscle of anterior chest wall
where is the pectoralis minor
smaller muscle that lies deep to pec major
what is pec major attached to
upper humerus, clavicle and upper 6 ribs
what is pec minor attached to
scapula ad ribs 3-5
where is serratus anterior
superficial muscle that sweeps around the lateral aspect of thoracic cage
what is serratus anterior attached to
scapula and upper 8 ribs
what are the accessory muscles
which way are the external intercostal muscle fibres orientated
antero-inferiorly
which way are the internal intercostal muscle fibres orientated
postero-inferiorly
which intercostal muscle is most active in expiration or inspiration
external - inspiration
internal - expiration
what does the posterior mediastinum contain
descending aorta
azygous veins
oesophagus
thoracic duct
sympathetic trunk and splanchnic nerves
posterior intercostal vessel and nerves
what level does the aorta pass through the diaphragm
T12
