CVS Flashcards

1
Q

what is responsible for the apex beat and is normally palpated in the left 5th intercostal space and midclavicular line

A

left ventricle

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2
Q

which valve prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular systole

A

mitral valve

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3
Q

what vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart

A

pulmonary vein

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4
Q

what maintains the systematic diastolic blood pressure by preventing backflow on blood into heart during diastole

A

aortic valve

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5
Q

what prevents high pressures developing in the jugular veins during ventricular systole

A

tricuspid valve

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6
Q

what 3 parts is the sternum composed of

A

manubrium
body
xiphoid process/ xiphisternum

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7
Q

what does manubrium articulate with

A

laterally: clavicle at the sternoclavicular notch
first rib
inferiorly: body at sternal angle/ angle of louis
superiorly: suprasternal (jugular) notch

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8
Q

what does body articulate with

A

ribs 2-7
manubrium and xiphoid process

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9
Q

what does xiphoid process articulate with

A

7th rib
body

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10
Q

how many pairs of ribs do we have

A

12

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11
Q

what are the anterior parts of the ribs composed of

A

costal cartilage

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12
Q

why are ribs 1-7 true ribs

A

their coastal cartilage articulates directly with the sternum

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13
Q

why are ribs 8-10 false ribs

A

they unite with rib 7 costal cartilage

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14
Q

why are ribs 11 and 12 floating ribs

A

they do not articulate with the sternum

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15
Q

which ribs are typical ribs

A

3-9

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16
Q

which ribs are atypical

A

1,2, 10-12

17
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae do we have

18
Q

which rib lies at the sternal angle

A

second rib

19
Q

what is a dermatome

A

an area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve

20
Q

what are the 3 layers of intercostal muscles

A

external
internal
innermost

21
Q

where is the pectoralis major

A

most superficial muscle of anterior chest wall

22
Q

where is the pectoralis minor

A

smaller muscle that lies deep to pec major

23
Q

what is pec major attached to

A

upper humerus, clavicle and upper 6 ribs

24
Q

what is pec minor attached to

A

scapula ad ribs 3-5

25
where is serratus anterior
superficial muscle that sweeps around the lateral aspect of thoracic cage
26
what is serratus anterior attached to
scapula and upper 8 ribs
27
what are the accessory muscles
28
which way are the external intercostal muscle fibres orientated
antero-inferiorly
29
which way are the internal intercostal muscle fibres orientated
postero-inferiorly
30
which intercostal muscle is most active in expiration or inspiration
external - inspiration internal - expiration
31
what does the posterior mediastinum contain
descending aorta azygous veins oesophagus thoracic duct sympathetic trunk and splanchnic nerves posterior intercostal vessel and nerves
32
what level does the aorta pass through the diaphragm
T12