CVS

Question 1

what is responsible for the apex beat and is normally palpated in the left 5th intercostal space and midclavicular line

Answer 1

left ventricle

Question 2

which valve prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular systole

Answer 2

mitral valve

Question 3

what vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart

Answer 3

pulmonary vein

Question 4

what maintains the systematic diastolic blood pressure by preventing backflow on blood into heart during diastole

Answer 4

aortic valve

Question 5

what prevents high pressures developing in the jugular veins during ventricular systole

Answer 5

tricuspid valve

Question 6

what 3 parts is the sternum composed of

Answer 6

manubrium
body
xiphoid process/ xiphisternum

Question 7

what does manubrium articulate with

Answer 7

laterally: clavicle at the sternoclavicular notch
first rib
inferiorly: body at sternal angle/ angle of louis
superiorly: suprasternal (jugular) notch

Question 8

what does body articulate with

Answer 8

ribs 2-7
manubrium and xiphoid process

Question 9

what does xiphoid process articulate with

Answer 9

7th rib
body

Question 10

how many pairs of ribs do we have

Answer 10

12

Question 11

what are the anterior parts of the ribs composed of

Answer 11

costal cartilage

Question 12

why are ribs 1-7 true ribs

Answer 12

their coastal cartilage articulates directly with the sternum

Question 13

why are ribs 8-10 false ribs

Answer 13

they unite with rib 7 costal cartilage

Question 14

why are ribs 11 and 12 floating ribs

Answer 14

they do not articulate with the sternum

Question 15

which ribs are typical ribs

Answer 15

3-9

Question 16

which ribs are atypical

Answer 16

1,2, 10-12

Question 17

how many thoracic vertebrae do we have

Answer 17

12

Question 18

which rib lies at the sternal angle

Answer 18

second rib

Question 19

what is a dermatome

Answer 19

an area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve

Question 20

what are the 3 layers of intercostal muscles

Answer 20

external
internal
innermost

Question 21

where is the pectoralis major

Answer 21

most superficial muscle of anterior chest wall

Question 22

where is the pectoralis minor

Answer 22

smaller muscle that lies deep to pec major

Question 23

what is pec major attached to

Answer 23

upper humerus, clavicle and upper 6 ribs

Question 24

what is pec minor attached to

Answer 24

scapula ad ribs 3-5

Question 25

where is serratus anterior

Answer 25

superficial muscle that sweeps around the lateral aspect of thoracic cage

Question 26

what is serratus anterior attached to

Answer 26

scapula and upper 8 ribs

Question 27

what are the accessory muscles

Question 28

which way are the external intercostal muscle fibres orientated

Answer 28

antero-inferiorly

Question 29

which way are the internal intercostal muscle fibres orientated

Answer 29

postero-inferiorly

Question 30

which intercostal muscle is most active in expiration or inspiration

Answer 30

external - inspiration
internal - expiration

Question 31

what does the posterior mediastinum contain

Answer 31

descending aorta
azygous veins
oesophagus
thoracic duct
sympathetic trunk and splanchnic nerves
posterior intercostal vessel and nerves

Question 32

what level does the aorta pass through the diaphragm

Answer 32

T12