CVS Flashcards by Marvin Kyle Madayag

Associated Pathology in Midsystolic Murmur

M itral Valve Prolapse
A ortic Stenosis
P ulmonic Stenosis
A SD
H OCM

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Begins at S1
Stops right before S2
leaving a TINY GAP before start of S2

Midsystolic Murmur

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Begins at S1
Stops right before S2
without leaving a gap before S2 begins

Holosystolic Murmur

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Associated Pathology in Holosystolic Murmur

Mitral Regurgitation
Tricuspid Regurgitation
VSD

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Begins usually in the middle of systole, or in late systole and proceeds and persists up to S2

Late Systolic Murmur

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Associated pathology in Late Systolic Murmur

Mitral Valve Prolapse

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Begins immediately after S2 without a noticeable gap, and usually fades before the next S1

Early Diastolic Murmur

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Associated pathology in Early Diastolic Murmur

A ortic Regurgitation
P ulmonic Regurgitation
A ustin Flint

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Weak, and begins after a short time (gap) after S2

Mid Diastolic Murmur

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Associated pathology in Mid Diastolic Murmur

Mitral Stenosis (Opening Snap)
Tricuspid Stenosis

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Associated Pathology in Continuous Murmur

Congenital PDA
AV Fistula
Venous Humming

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Area auscultated in Erb’s Point

3rd L-ICS PSL

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Area auscultated in Aortic Area

2nd R-ICS PSL

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Area auscultated in Tricuspid Area

4th L-ICS PSL

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Area auscultated in Mitral Area

5th L-ICS MCL

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Area auscultated in Pulmonic Area`

2nd L-ICS PSL

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S2 signifies the end of ____

Systole

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S1 signifies the end of ____

Diastole

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S2 corresponds to the closure of which vales

Semilunar Valves

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S1 corresponds to the closure of which vales

Atrioventricular Vales

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Area auscultated to find Apex Beat

5th L-ICS MCL (Mitral Area)

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Anatomic location of the Right Atrium

2nd ICS- PSL

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Anatomic location of the Right Ventricle

4th ICS PSL

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Anatomic location of the Left Ventricle

5th ICS MCL

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Hypertrophy of the myocardium with resultant decrease in chamber capacity

Concentric LVH

Hypertrophy paired with increase cavity size

Eccentric LVH

Walls of the heart become thin, with an increase in cavity size

LV Dilation / Dilatation

It is a product of a Hypertrophied heart with Volume Overloading

Lifts

Vascular counterparts of cardiac murmurs

Bruit

where is the pathology if there is Collapsing Pulse

- Aortic Regurgitation | - Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

where is the pathology if there is Parvus et Tardus (slow rising pulse)

Aortic Stenosis

where is the pathology if there is Bisferience

- Aortic Regurgitation | - Aortic Stenosis

(+) Finger clubbing would indicate:

- Bacterial Endocarditis | - R -> L Shunt Anomaly

Triad of Heart Failure

- Edema - Rales and Crackles - Enlargement of the Heart

Murmur that has a shape of Crescendo

Mitral Stenosis

Murmur that has a shape of Decrescendo

Aortic Regurgitation

Murmur that has a shape of Crescendo-Decrescendo

Aortic Stenosis

Murmur that has a shape of Plateau

Mitral Regurgitation

Presentation of Loud S1

- Tachycardia - Highly febrile (39-42*C) - Hyperthyroidism with exopthalmos - normal HR with Mitral Stenosis

common finding in patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease

(Loud S1 + Middiastolic Murmur) = Mitral Stenosis

Presentation of Soft S1

- Volume Overloading - Aortic Regurgitation - Mitral Regurgitation - Cardiac Arrhythmia - Congenital PDA - Bradycardia

Physiologic splitting of S2 is due to what

delay in closure of the Pulmonic Valve

Sail Sound murmur

Ebstein Anomaly

Rheumatic Heart Disease

Carey Coombs

Paradoxical rise in JVP on inspiration

Kussmaul's Sign

HIgh pitched cooing murmur at the apex

Gallavardin's sign

it is a diastolic murmur that is related to corrigan's pulse, very strong pulse, collapsing pulse

Austin Flint`

Loud A2

- Systemic Hypertension | - Aortic Dilatation

Loud P2

- Pulmonary Hypertension - ASD - Ebstien Anomaly

Soft A2

Aortic Stenosis

SOft P2

Pulmonary Stenosis

Loud S1

- T achycardia - I ncreased in temperature - M itral Stenosis - H yperthyroidism

Soft S1

- V ol Overload - A tril Fibrilation - M itral Regurgitation - C AD - C HF

Crescendo - Decrescendo murmur

Aortic Stenosis

Crescendo Murmur

Mitral Stenosis

Decrescendo Murmur

Aortic Regurgitation

best heard below the left scapula

Holosystolic Murmur

Mid-Systolic Click

Mitral Valve Prolapse

heard at Erb's Point (3rd L-ICS)

- M VP - A ortic Regurgitation - V SD - A ustin Flint Murmur - Q uadruple Rhythm

Caravallo's sign

Tricuspid Regurgitation (4th L-ICS)

Machinery-like

PDA

pitch of Atrial Gallop

low

Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis ``` A. Pulsus Alterans B. Pulsus Parves et Tardus C. Pulsis Bigeminus D. Corrigan's Pulse E. Pulsus Paradoxicus ```

Pulsus Paradoxicus

Chronic Aortic Regurgitation ``` A. Pulsus Alterans B. Pulsus Parves et Tardus C. Pulsis Bigeminus D. Corrigan's Pulse E. Pulsus Paradoxicus ```

Corrigan's Pulse

Murmur of HOCM (Hypertrophic Obstructed Cardiomyopathy) will become louder when...

valsalva

Murmur of HOCM (Hypertrophic Obstructed Cardiomyopathy) will become softer when...

Squatting from standing positon

what is a korotkoff sound

Low pitch sound so you will use the Bell

Paradoxical splitting of S2

Aortic Stenosis

S4 gallop is heard in:

concentric LVH 2* to chronic hypertension

heard in the apex (5th L-ICS MCL)

- Mitral Stenosis - Mitral Regurgitation - Normal S3 - S4 - Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Graham Steele Murmur

Pulmonary Regurgitation

Gallavardin's Murmur

Aortic Stenosis

Austin Flint murmur

Aortic Regurgitation

Concentric LVH may cause changes on auscultation of the heart

Chronic mitral regurgitation will have this finding on auscultation of the heart:

Higher BP in the upper extremities and lower BP in the lower extremities is present if patient have:

Coarctation of the aorta

Persistent splitting of S2 is suggestive of:

Congenital Pulmonary Stenosis

Paradoxical splitting of S2 is suggestive of:

Congenital Aortic Stenosis

Murmur of Aortic Stenosis is described as:

Ejection systolic murmur at the parasternal area

Standing from squatting

MVP

with opening snap and loud S1 is highly suggestive of

Mitral Stenosis

with Soft S1 and S3 is suggestive of

Mitral Regurgitation

High pitch sounds

- D ilatation of Aorta - A ortic Stenosis - P ulmonary Stenosis - E arly Systole

Maneuver that increase murmur of the left side of the heart (bicuspid regurgitation)

Hand Grip

Maneuver that increase murmur of the right side of the heart (tricuspid regurgitation)

Deep Breathing

Valsalva

Increase Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Squatting and leg raising

Increase venous return to the heart