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Clinical Medicine I > CVS > Flashcards

CVS Flashcards

1
Q

Associated Pathology in Midsystolic Murmur

A
  • M itral Valve Prolapse
  • A ortic Stenosis
  • P ulmonic Stenosis
  • A SD
  • H OCM
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2
Q

Begins at S1
Stops right before S2
leaving a TINY GAP before start of S2

A

Midsystolic Murmur

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3
Q

Begins at S1
Stops right before S2
without leaving a gap before S2 begins

A

Holosystolic Murmur

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4
Q

Associated Pathology in Holosystolic Murmur

A
  • Mitral Regurgitation
  • Tricuspid Regurgitation
  • VSD
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5
Q

Begins usually in the middle of systole, or in late systole and proceeds and persists up to S2

A

Late Systolic Murmur

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6
Q

Associated pathology in Late Systolic Murmur

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

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7
Q

Begins immediately after S2 without a noticeable gap, and usually fades before the next S1

A

Early Diastolic Murmur

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8
Q

Associated pathology in Early Diastolic Murmur

A
  • A ortic Regurgitation
  • P ulmonic Regurgitation
  • A ustin Flint
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9
Q

Weak, and begins after a short time (gap) after S2

A

Mid Diastolic Murmur

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10
Q

Associated pathology in Mid Diastolic Murmur

A 
Mitral Stenosis (Opening Snap)
Tricuspid Stenosis
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11
Q

Associated Pathology in Continuous Murmur

A
  • Congenital PDA
  • AV Fistula
  • Venous Humming
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12
Q

Area auscultated in Erb’s Point

A

3rd L-ICS PSL

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13
Q

Area auscultated in Aortic Area

A

2nd R-ICS PSL

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14
Q

Area auscultated in Tricuspid Area

A

4th L-ICS PSL

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15
Q

Area auscultated in Mitral Area

A

5th L-ICS MCL

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16
Q

Area auscultated in Pulmonic Area`

A

2nd L-ICS PSL

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17
Q

S2 signifies the end of ____

A

Systole

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18
Q

S1 signifies the end of ____

A

Diastole

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19
Q

S2 corresponds to the closure of which vales

A

Semilunar Valves

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20
Q

S1 corresponds to the closure of which vales

A

Atrioventricular Vales

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21
Q

Area auscultated to find Apex Beat

A

5th L-ICS MCL (Mitral Area)

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22
Q

Anatomic location of the Right Atrium

A

2nd ICS- PSL

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23
Q

Anatomic location of the Right Ventricle

A

4th ICS PSL

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24
Q

Anatomic location of the Left Ventricle

A

5th ICS MCL

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25
Q

Hypertrophy of the myocardium with resultant decrease in chamber capacity

A

Concentric LVH

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26
Q

Hypertrophy paired with increase cavity size

A

Eccentric LVH

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27
Q

Walls of the heart become thin, with an increase in cavity size

A

LV Dilation / Dilatation

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28
Q

It is a product of a Hypertrophied heart with Volume Overloading

A

Lifts

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29
Q

Vascular counterparts of cardiac murmurs

A

Bruit

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30
Q

where is the pathology if there is Collapsing Pulse

A
  • Aortic Regurgitation

- Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

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31
Q

where is the pathology if there is Parvus et Tardus (slow rising pulse)

A

Aortic Stenosis

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32
Q

where is the pathology if there is Bisferience

A
  • Aortic Regurgitation

- Aortic Stenosis

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33
Q

(+) Finger clubbing would indicate:

A
  • Bacterial Endocarditis

- R -> L Shunt Anomaly

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34
Q

Triad of Heart Failure

A
  • Edema
  • Rales and Crackles
  • Enlargement of the Heart
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35
Q

Murmur that has a shape of Crescendo

A

Mitral Stenosis

36
Q

Murmur that has a shape of Decrescendo

A

Aortic Regurgitation

37
Q

Murmur that has a shape of Crescendo-Decrescendo

A

Aortic Stenosis

38
Q

Murmur that has a shape of Plateau

A

Mitral Regurgitation

39
Q

Presentation of Loud S1

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Highly febrile (39-42*C)
  • Hyperthyroidism with exopthalmos
  • normal HR with Mitral Stenosis
40
Q

common finding in patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease

A

(Loud S1 + Middiastolic Murmur) = Mitral Stenosis

41
Q

Presentation of Soft S1

A
  • Volume Overloading
  • Aortic Regurgitation
  • Mitral Regurgitation
  • Cardiac Arrhythmia
  • Congenital PDA
  • Bradycardia
42
Q

Physiologic splitting of S2 is due to what

A

delay in closure of the Pulmonic Valve

43
Q

Sail Sound murmur

A

Ebstein Anomaly

44
Q

Rheumatic Heart Disease

A

Carey Coombs

45
Q

Paradoxical rise in JVP on inspiration

A

Kussmaul’s Sign

46
Q

HIgh pitched cooing murmur at the apex

A

Gallavardin’s sign

47
Q

it is a diastolic murmur that is related to corrigan’s pulse, very strong pulse, collapsing pulse

A

Austin Flint`

48
Q

Loud A2

A
  • Systemic Hypertension

- Aortic Dilatation

49
Q

Loud P2

A
  • Pulmonary Hypertension
  • ASD
  • Ebstien Anomaly
50
Q

Soft A2

A

Aortic Stenosis

51
Q

SOft P2

A

Pulmonary Stenosis

52
Q

Loud S1

A
  • T achycardia
  • I ncreased in temperature
  • M itral Stenosis
  • H yperthyroidism
53
Q

Soft S1

A
  • V ol Overload
  • A tril Fibrilation
  • M itral Regurgitation
  • C AD
  • C HF
54
Q

Crescendo - Decrescendo murmur

A

Aortic Stenosis

55
Q

Crescendo Murmur

A

Mitral Stenosis

56
Q

Decrescendo Murmur

A

Aortic Regurgitation

57
Q

best heard below the left scapula

A

Holosystolic Murmur

58
Q

Mid-Systolic Click

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

59
Q

heard at Erb’s Point (3rd L-ICS)

A
  • M VP
  • A ortic Regurgitation
  • V SD
  • A ustin Flint Murmur
  • Q uadruple Rhythm
60
Q

Caravallo’s sign

A

Tricuspid Regurgitation (4th L-ICS)

61
Q

Machinery-like

A

PDA

62
Q

pitch of Atrial Gallop

A

low

63
Q

Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis

A. Pulsus Alterans
B. Pulsus Parves et Tardus
C. Pulsis Bigeminus
D. Corrigan's Pulse
E. Pulsus Paradoxicus
A

Pulsus Paradoxicus

64
Q

Chronic Aortic Regurgitation

A. Pulsus Alterans
B. Pulsus Parves et Tardus
C. Pulsis Bigeminus
D. Corrigan's Pulse
E. Pulsus Paradoxicus
A

Corrigan’s Pulse

65
Q

Murmur of HOCM (Hypertrophic Obstructed Cardiomyopathy) will become louder when…

A

valsalva

66
Q

Murmur of HOCM (Hypertrophic Obstructed Cardiomyopathy) will become softer when…

A

Squatting from standing positon

67
Q

what is a korotkoff sound

A

Low pitch sound so you will use the Bell

68
Q

Paradoxical splitting of S2

A

Aortic Stenosis

69
Q

S4 gallop is heard in:

A

concentric LVH 2* to chronic hypertension

70
Q

heard in the apex (5th L-ICS MCL)

A
  • Mitral Stenosis
  • Mitral Regurgitation
  • Normal S3
  • S4
  • Dilated Cardiomyopathy
71
Q

Graham Steele Murmur

A

Pulmonary Regurgitation

72
Q

Gallavardin’s Murmur

A

Aortic Stenosis

73
Q

Austin Flint murmur

A

Aortic Regurgitation

74
Q

Concentric LVH may cause changes on auscultation of the heart

A

S4

75
Q

Chronic mitral regurgitation will have this finding on auscultation of the heart:

A

S3

76
Q

Higher BP in the upper extremities and lower BP in the lower extremities is present if patient have:

A

Coarctation of the aorta

77
Q

Persistent splitting of S2 is suggestive of:

A

Congenital Pulmonary Stenosis

78
Q

Paradoxical splitting of S2 is suggestive of:

A

Congenital Aortic Stenosis

79
Q

Murmur of Aortic Stenosis is described as:

A

Ejection systolic murmur at the parasternal area

80
Q

Standing from squatting

A

MVP

81
Q

with opening snap and loud S1 is highly suggestive of

A

Mitral Stenosis

82
Q

with Soft S1 and S3 is suggestive of

A

Mitral Regurgitation

83
Q

High pitch sounds

A
  • D ilatation of Aorta
  • A ortic Stenosis
  • P ulmonary Stenosis
  • E arly Systole
84
Q

Maneuver that increase murmur of the left side of the heart (bicuspid regurgitation)

A

Hand Grip

85
Q

Maneuver that increase murmur of the right side of the heart (tricuspid regurgitation)

A

Deep Breathing

86
Q

Valsalva

A

Increase Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

87
Q

Squatting and leg raising

A

Increase venous return to the heart

Clinical Medicine I (4 decks)

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