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Anatomy > CVS > Flashcards

CVS Flashcards

1
Q

The lining of the inner walls of the heart’s chambers is termed the:

A. Visceral pericardium
B. Serous pericardium
C. Epicardium
D. Myocardium
E. Endocardium
A

E. Endocardium

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2
Q

The outermost layer of the heart’s serous pericardium is termed the

A. Visceral pericardium
B. Parietal pericardium
C. Epicardium
D. Myocardium
E. Endocardium
A

B. Parietal pericardium

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3
Q

The hearts’ natural pacemaker is termed the

A. SA node
B. AV node
C. Bundle of His
D. L and R bundle of branches
E. Purkinje fibres
A

A. SA node

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4
Q

The heart’s electrical conduction network found within the ventricular myocardium is termed the

A. SA node
B. AV node
C. Bundle of His
D. L and R bundle of branches
E. Purkinje fibres
A

E. Purkinje fibres

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5
Q

The heart is about the size of

A. A thumbnail
B. A clenched fist
C. A flat foot
D. A leg in full flexion

A

B. A clenched fist

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6
Q

Regarding the surface relationship of the heart, which of the following is true

A. The anterior portion lies behind the lungs
B. The superior portion is underneath the clavicles
C. The inferior portion rests on the diaphragm
D. The right lateral portion borders the liver

A

C. The inferior portion rests on the diaphragm

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7
Q

Regarding the pericardium, which of the following is true?

A. It is filled with blood, to keep the heart supplied with blood
B. It is filled with air, to provide blood in the heart with oxygen
C. It is composed of fibrous and serous pericardium
D. It is composed of the integumental and neural pericardium

A

C. It is composed of fibrous and serous pericardium

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8
Q

To pericardiocentesis, a needle is inserted through:

A. the right 5th/ 6th intercostal space
B. the left 5th/ 6th intercostal space
C. the ventricles
D. the atria

A

B. the left 5th/ 6th intercostal space

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9
Q

Excessive fluid accumulation in the pericardium:

A. Improves circulation, by increasing the volume of blood pumped by the heart
B. Improves oxygenation, by increasing gas exchange through the heart wall
C. Can stop the heart, due to decreased filling of the ventricles in diastole
D. Can stop the heart, due to decreased filling of the atria in systole

A

C. Can stop the heart, due to decreased filling of the ventricles in diastole

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10
Q

Which of the layers of the heart wall are continuous with the great vessels?

A.Ectocardium
B.Epicardium
C.Myocardium
D.Endocardium

A

D.Endocardium

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11
Q

In what order does blood flow through the valves of the heart, from the superior vena cava to the aorta?

A. Tricuspid valve –pulmonary valve –mitral valve –aortic valve
B. Aortic valve –mitral valve –pulmonary valve –tricuspid valve
C. Mitral valve –tricuspid valve –pulmonary valve –aortic valve
D. Tricuspid valve –mitral valve –pulmonary valve –aortic valve

A

A. Tricuspid valve –pulmonary valve –mitral valve –aortic valve

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12
Q

The valves in the heart:

A. Speed up blood flow in the heart by pushing blood into the great vessels
B. Slow down blood flow in order to allow time for gas exchange
C. Ensure that blood flows in one direction only through the lungs and heart
D. Allows blood to flow in both directions through the lungs and heart

A

C. Ensure that blood flows in one direction only through the lungs and heart

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13
Q

Blood supply to the heart wall:

A. Comes directly from blood within the atria and ventricles contacting the walls
B. Comes directly from blood within the pericardium
C. Comes from blood vessels arising at the aortic sinus, inferior to the aortic valve
D. None of the above

A

D. None of the above

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14
Q

Abnormal heart rates are most likely if which of the following arteries are blocked?

A. the R coronary artery, because it supplied the SA and AV nodes
B. The circumflex artery, because it supplies both the left atrium and left ventricle

A

A. the R coronary artery, because it supplied the SA and AV nodes

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15
Q

If the foramen ovale does not close, blood will mix between

A. R atrium and left atrium
B. R ventricle & L ventricle
C. Pulmonary artery and the aorta
D. Pulmonary veins and aorta

A

A. R atrium and left atrium

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16
Q

Regarding heart rate and cardiac filling, which of the following is false?

A. Normally, systole takes up 40% of the cardiac cycle; diastole 60%
B. A heart rate increases, both systolic & diastolic intervals shorten
C. Diastole shortens less than systole, so the heart spends less time in systole than diastole
D. At very fast heart rate, there is less time for the heart to fill, so it pumps less blood

A

C. Diastole shortens less than systole, so the heart spends less time in systole than diastole

17
Q

Atrial contraction

A. provides 20% of blood to the ventricle
B. provides 80% of blood to the ventricle
C. Requires conscious flexion of cardiac muscle
D. Is essential to providing normal cardiac output at rest.

A

A. provides 20% of blood to the ventricle

18
Q

The QRS complex on ECG corresponds to

A. The spread of depolarisation through the atria prior to atrial systole
B. The spread of depolarisation through the ventricles prior to ventricular systole
C. The repolarisation of ventricles just before the end of the contraction
D. None of the above

A

B. The spread of depolarisation through the ventricles prior to ventricular systole

19
Q

S1 corresponds to which of the following events

A. atrial systole at end of diastole, due to inrush of blood into ventricles
B. ventricular filling during diastasis
C. closing of AV valves at beginning of systole
D. Snap closing of semilunar valves at end of systole.

A

C. closing of AV valves at beginning of systole

20
Q

S2 corresponds to which of the following events

A. Atrial systole at end of diastole, due to inrush of blood into ventricles
B. Ventricular filling during diastasis
C. Closing of AV valves at the beginning of systole
D. Snap closing of semilunar valves at end of systole

A

D. Snap closing of semilunar valves at end of systole

21
Q

S3 corresponds to which of the following events

A. Atrial systole at end of diastole, due to inrush of blood into ventricles
B. Ventricular filling during diastasis
C. Closing of AV valves at the beginning of systole
D. Snap closing of semilunar valves at end of systole

A

B. Ventricular filling during diastasis

22
Q

S4 corresponds to which of the following events

A. Atrial systole at end of diastole, due to inrush of blood into ventricles
B. Ventricular filling during diastasis
C. Closing of AV valves at the beginning of systole
D. Snap closing of semilunar valves at end of systole

A

A. Atrial systole at end of diastole, due to inrush of blood into ventricles

23
Q

Which of the following best describes stroke volume?

A. Stroke volume = the volume of blood at start of diastole minus the volume at start of systole
B. Stroke volume = the volume of blood at end of diastole minus the volume at end of systole
C. Stroke volume = the volume of blood in the ventricles minus the volume in the atria
D. Stroke volume = the volume of blood in the ventricles plus the volume in the atria

A

B. Stroke volume = the volume of blood at end of diastole minus the volume at end of systole

24
Q

Regarding cardiac output and afterload, which of the following is true?

A. If afterload is greater than 160mmHg, cardiac output increases because more blood volume is returning to the heart, improving flow
B. If afterload is greater than 160mmHg, cardiac output decreases because the heart is pumping against more resistance
C. Regardless of the pressure, afterload always reduces stroke volume
D. There is no relationship between afterload pressure and stroke volume

A

B. If afterload is greater than 160mmHg, cardiac output decreases because the heart is pumping against more resistance

25
Q

A 75 year old woman with history of chronic congestive heart failure undergoes cardiac catheterisation to determine her extent of cardiac dysfunction. During estimation of her systolic function, in what phase of the cardiac cycle should her peak left ventricular pressure occur?

A. Rapid filling
B. Isovolumetric relaxation
C. Ventricular ejection
D. Atrial systole
E. Isovolumetric contraction
A

C

26
Q

The work performed by the left ventricle is substantially greater than that performed by the right ventricle, because in the left ventricle

A. The contraction is slower
B. The wall is thicker
C. The stroke volume is greater 
D. The preload is greater 
E. The afterload is greater
A

E

27
Q

The dicrotic notch on the aortic pressure curve is caused by

A. Closure of mitral valve
B. Closure of tricuspid valve
C. Closure of aortic valve
D. Closure of pulmonary valve
E. Rapid filling of left ventricle
A

C

28
Q

The second heart sound is caused by

A. Closure of aortic and pulmonary valve
B. Vibration in the ventricular wall during systole
C. Ventricular filling
D. Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valve
E. Retrogade flow in the vena cava

A

A

29
Q

The fourth sound is caused by

A. Closure of aortic and pulmonary valve
B. Vibration in the ventricular wall during systole
C. Ventricular filling
D. Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valve
E. Retrogade flow in the vena cava

A

C

30
Q

During exercise, a man consumes 1.8L of oxygen per minute. His arterial 02 content is 190ml/L and the O2 content of his mixed venous blood is 134ml/L. His cardiac output is approximately

A. 3.2 L/min
B. 16 L/min
C. 32 L/min
D. 54 L/min
E. 160 L/min
A

C

31
Q

Starling law of the heart

A. Does not operate in the failing heart
B. Does not operate during exercise
C. Explain the increase in heart rate produced by exercise
D. Explain the increase in cardiac output that occurs when venous return is increased
E. Explain the increase in cardiac output when the sympathetic nerve supplying the heart are stimulated

A

D

32
Q

A 65 year old woman comes to her physician complaining of chest pain on exertion and is diagnosed with angina pectoris. An examination reveals an aortic abnormality. This is more likely to be aortic stenosis as opposed to aortic regurgitation because

A. Increase in preload causes a greater increase in cardiac O2 consumption than an increase in afterload
B. Cardiac O2 consumption is unrelated to ventricular work per beat
C. Increased pressure work causes a greater increase in cardiac O2 consumption than an increase in volume work.
D. Cardiac venous O2 tension is low
E. Aortic stenosis decreases pressure in the aortic valve

A

C

Anatomy (7 decks)

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