CVS 1 - Anatomy of the heart and circulation

Question 1

List the vessels that enter or leave each chambers of the heart

Answer 1

Leave the heart:
Aorta - left ventricle
Pulmonary artery / pulmonary trunk- right ventricle

Enter the heart
IVC - right ventricle
Pulmonary vein - right ventricle

Question 2

In what 3 branches does the aorta divide?

Answer 2

In order

• Brachiocephalic trunk (which later divides into right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery)
• left common carotid artery
• left subclavian artery

Question 3

How does the blood from the neck and head return to the heart?

Answer 3

By the jugular veins (right and left internal/ external) which will join the left and right subclavian veins to from brachiocephalic veins which both join superior vena cava (with azygous from thoracic cavity)

Question 4

How does the blood reach:
- head and neck
- lungs 
- thoracic cavity 
- abdominal cavity
?

Answer 4

• Head and neck: right and left common carotid arteries which will later subdivide into internal and external carotid arteries (then there’s the circle of willis)
• lungs: by the pulmonary artery - right and left
• thoracic cavity - from the descending aorta branches off posterior intercostal arteries
  From the right subclavian artery branches off:
  >internal thoracic artery from which branches off anterior intercostal arteries and pericardiophrenic artery.
  (>thoracoacromial trunk which will give lateral thoracic artery and subcapsular artery (and artery to shoulder))
• abdominal cavity - descending aorta which will divide into celiac trunk, inferior mesentric and superior mesentric.

Question 5

Summarise the coronary circulation

Answer 5

• Right and left coronary arteries branch off from aorta just above aortic valve
• blood collects into coronary sinus which goes into right atria

More detail in Gray’s flashcards

Question 6

What is the pericardium? What two layers composes it?

Answer 6

Pericardium: fibroserous sack surrounding the heart and great vessels
Consists of:
Fibrous and serous layer
Serous composed of two layers:
Parietal: next to fibrous layer 
Visceral: adheres to heart

Question 7

What are the different valves of the heart?

Answer 7

Right and left atrioventricular valves. 
Left also called mitral
Right also called tricuspid
Aortic Valve
Pulmonary valve

Question 8

Where is the AV node located? SA node?

Answer 8

AV node in between the right atrium and right ventricle

SA node at the junction between the SVC and right atrium

Question 9

How do you know where to listen to heart valves?

Answer 9

A Place To Meet at 2245
A- Aortic
P-Pulmonary
To - Tricuspid
Meet - Mitral 

Notice that tricuspid is on the right and mitral is on the left which helps to remember which side of the heart has wchich (however aortic is on the right as in reality it’s on the left side of the heart, same for pulmonary)