CVS مازن 1 Flashcards

1
Q

which substance is responsible for actin and myosin interaction

A

Troponin

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2
Q

contraction needs high level of _________ inside the cell

A

serum calcium

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3
Q

from where does calcium come ? and what is the stimulus ?

A

Action potential to the cell membrane

1) from sarcoplasmic reticulum

2) ca+2 enters from extracellular space to the intracellular space

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4
Q

types of troponin ?

A

T – Trigger the interaction

I – inhibit the interaction

C – gives the signals for ca+2 (binds to calcium )

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5
Q

what is the histology of muscular fibrils ?

A

inner part is circular

outer part is longitudinal

intermediate part is oblique

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6
Q

at the end of contraction the volume of blood in the heart is called_____

A

End systolic volume (ESV)

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7
Q

at the end of relaxation the volume of blood in the heart is called_____

A

End diastolic volume (EDV)

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8
Q

define SV and write its equation

A

SV is the amount of blood which is ejected into the aorta in one beat

SV= End diastolic volume – End systolic volume

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9
Q

Ejection fraction (EF) =

A

(SV / EDV ) X100%

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10
Q

normal EF value is

A

more than 50%

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11
Q

EF less than 50% is

A

HF

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12
Q

define CO and write its equation

A

CO is the amount of blood which is ejected into the aorta per one minute

CO = SV X HR

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13
Q

important in physical examination of CVS is to look for

A

Pallor and cyanosis

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14
Q

in pulse you should examine

A

Rate
volume
character

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15
Q

what are the types of pulse character ?

A

1) alternating pulse
A)pulsus alternas
B)pulsus paradoxus

2) water hummer pulse (collapsing pulse)

3) pulsus deficit

4)pulsus bisferiens

5) pulsus et tardus

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16
Q

how does pulse volume change with breathing physiologically

A

take a breathe and expanding the lung –> pooling of blood in lung –> reduction of blood in LV –> reduction of BP –> reduction of pulse volume

17
Q

the difference between BP in inspiration and expiration normally

A

less than 10 mmHg

18
Q

the difference between BP in inspiration and expiration in pulsus paradoxus is

A

more than 10 mmHg

19
Q

in which condition there is pulsus paradoxus but the cause related to the heart

A

constructive pericarditis

20
Q

what is the idea behind the collapsing pulse

A

large difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure ( wide pulse pressure)

21
Q

causes of collapsing pulse

A

Aortic regurgitation

pregnancy

exercise

isolated systolic hypertension

patent ductus arteriosus

22
Q

what is the idea behind the pulsus deficit

A

difference between HR and PR such as in AF

23
Q

what is the idea behind the pulsus et tardus

A

slow and low pulse such as in aortic stenosis

24
Q

what is the idea behind the pulsus bisferiens

A

double peak pulse such as in

both aortic regurgitation and stenosis

HOCM

24
Q

what is the idea behind the pulsus bisferiens

A

double peak pulse such as in

both aortic regurgitation and stenosis

HOCM

25
Q

JVP is

A

a manometer that measures the Right side hemodynamic