CVS مازن 1 Flashcards
which substance is responsible for actin and myosin interaction
Troponin
contraction needs high level of _________ inside the cell
serum calcium
from where does calcium come ? and what is the stimulus ?
Action potential to the cell membrane
1) from sarcoplasmic reticulum
2) ca+2 enters from extracellular space to the intracellular space
types of troponin ?
T – Trigger the interaction
I – inhibit the interaction
C – gives the signals for ca+2 (binds to calcium )
what is the histology of muscular fibrils ?
inner part is circular
outer part is longitudinal
intermediate part is oblique
at the end of contraction the volume of blood in the heart is called_____
End systolic volume (ESV)
at the end of relaxation the volume of blood in the heart is called_____
End diastolic volume (EDV)
define SV and write its equation
SV is the amount of blood which is ejected into the aorta in one beat
SV= End diastolic volume – End systolic volume
Ejection fraction (EF) =
(SV / EDV ) X100%
normal EF value is
more than 50%
EF less than 50% is
HF
define CO and write its equation
CO is the amount of blood which is ejected into the aorta per one minute
CO = SV X HR
important in physical examination of CVS is to look for
Pallor and cyanosis
in pulse you should examine
Rate
volume
character
what are the types of pulse character ?
1) alternating pulse
A)pulsus alternas
B)pulsus paradoxus
2) water hummer pulse (collapsing pulse)
3) pulsus deficit
4)pulsus bisferiens
5) pulsus et tardus