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CVPV/Anemia/Blood products > CVPV/Anemia/Blood products > Flashcards

CVPV/Anemia/Blood products Flashcards

1
Q

the amount of blood pumped in 1 minute
-the lower, the poorer the perfusion to organs and other extremities

A

cardiac output

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2
Q

the force opposing movement of blood within the vessels
-as arteries narrow, resistance to blood flow increases

A

systemic vascular resistance

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3
Q

the force exerted by the blood against the walls for the vessel

A

blood pressure

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4
Q

what’s the consideration systolic and diastolic of hypertension?

A

140/90

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5
Q

what are the risk factors of hypertension?

A

age
inactive lifestyle
high lipids

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6
Q

what causes hypertension?

A

fluid overload
vasoconstricting (narrowing)

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7
Q

not related to another disease or condition

A

primary hypertension

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8
Q

what are the risk factors for primary hypertension?

A

age
inactivity
high lipids

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9
Q

what is secondary hypertension

A

a result of other disorder or condition, once condition is treated the hypertension can be fixed

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10
Q

what are the risk factors of secondary hypertension?

A

cardiovascular disorders
renal disorders
endocrine system disorders
pregnancy
medications
sleep apena**
thyroid disorder

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11
Q

what is suspected on people who suddenly develop hypertension?

A

primary hypertension

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12
Q

how does hypertension affect the vessels?

A

hypertrophy
hyperplasia

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13
Q

cells that get larger/working harder

A

hypertrophy

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14
Q

damage in cells and the cells start to replicate, inflammatory response

A

hyperplasia

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15
Q

early stages of disease have no clinical manifestation other than elevated blood pressure reading

A

silent killer

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16
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of early hypertension?

A

asymptomatic

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17
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of hypertension later in life?

A

headaches
visual disturbances
chest pain
dyspnea
dizziness
fatigue

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18
Q

sustained hypertension that has effects beyond hemodynamics

A

complicated hypertension

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19
Q

what are the two major mechanisms of tissue damage with complicated hypertension?

A

ischemia
edema

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20
Q

not enough oxygen going where it needs to be

A

ischemia

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21
Q

fluid buildup in the tissue

A

edema

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22
Q

what age does accumulation start happening for hypertension?

A

20s-30s

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23
Q

what age does atherosclerosis begin with complicated hypertension?

A

30s-40s

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24
Q

at what are is their irreversabile damage because of hypertension?

A

40s

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25
Q

what are nonmodifiable

A

age
race
genetics
gender

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26
Q

what are modifiable

A

smoking
drinking
sedentary lifestyle
poor diet habit

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27
Q

which organs does complicated hypertension affect?

A

heart
kidneys
brain
eyes

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28
Q

what are the evaluations for hypertension?

A

history
sedentary lifestyle
neuro
pulses
lung sounds (crackles=heart failure)

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29
Q

what is the most accurate to check for hypertension?

A

auscultation
sit quietly at least 5 minutes
arm at heart level
appropriate size cuff

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30
Q

what is the treatment goal for patients with hypertension?

A

to have bp of 130/80

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31
Q

what is are the recommendations for people with hypertension?

A

DASH Diet
exercise
moderate alcohol consumption

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32
Q

what is the DASH diet?

A

low in dietary sodium
saturated fats
dairy, total fats, carbs
red meats, and sweets

rich in fiber and potassium
includes veggies, fruits
increase in full grains products, fish, poultry, nuts

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33
Q

what are the medications you can take for hypertension?

A

adrenergic blockers
ace inhibitors
angiotensin receptor blockers
beta blockers
calcium channel blockers
diuretics

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34
Q

inhibit vasoconstriction

A

adrenergic blockers
-clonidine
-methyldopa

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35
Q

prevent peripheral vasoconstriction

A

ace inhibitors (-pril)
-benazepril
-captopril
-enalapril
-liniopril

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36
Q

prevent peripheral vasoconstriction as well as ace inhibitors

A

angiotensin receptor blockers (-sartans)
-losartan
-valsartan

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37
Q

decrease cardiac output, hr, bp, and cardiac workload

A

beta blockers (-olol)
-atenolol
-metoprolol
-carveidolol
-propanolol

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38
Q

who should be monitored if taking beta blockers

A

asthma patients
diabetic patients

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39
Q

increase blood flow to the extremities; good for vasospasm?

A

calcium channel blockers
-amlodipine
-diltiazem
-verapamil

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40
Q

increase blood flow to the extremities; good for vasospasm as well as calcium channel blockers?

A

alpha adrenergic blockers (-zosin)
-doxazosin
-prazosin
-terazosin

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41
Q

promote Na+ and H2O excretion, K+ retension

A

spironolactone

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42
Q

inhibit Na and CL reabsorption from the loop of henele
will be on K+ supplements

A

furosemide/bumetanide

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43
Q

increase Na+ and H2O excretion by inhibiting sodium reabsorption (specifically for hypertension)

A

thiazides
-chlorothiazide
-metolazone
-hydrochlorothiazide

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44
Q

what is the hypertension nursing care?

A

daily weights
i&o
urine output
response of bp
electrolytes
take pulses
ischemic episodes
complications of 4C’s
-CAD
-CRF
-CVA
-CHF

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45
Q

drop of 20mmHg or greater systolic or 10mmHg or greater diastolic
-decrease in both systolic and diastolic BP upon standing

A

orthostatic hypotension

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46
Q

what can cause acute hypotension?

A

-altered electrolytes
-drug action
-prolonged immobility
-starvation
-physical exhaustion
-volume depletion
-venous pooling (sat for to long)
-postprandial**

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47
Q

what can cause chronic hypotension?

A

-secondary to specific disease
-endocrine
-metabolic disorders
-CNS
-PNS

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48
Q

what is idiopathic hypotension?

A

-no known cause

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49
Q

what is the diagnostic for orthostatic hypotension?

A

lying/sitting/standing
tilt table test

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50
Q

what is the nursing priority for orthostatic hypotension?

A

safety
-fall risk

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51
Q

what are the treatments for orthostatic hypotension?

A

-adjust meds
-give volume
-replace electrolytes
-assist with frequent repositioning

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52
Q

vasoconstriction leads to increased blood pressure readings? true or false

A

true

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53
Q

accumulation of lipid, or fatty substances in vessel walls
-inflammation process
-ischemia
-platelets

A

atherosclerosis

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54
Q

where is atherosclerosis most common?

A

coronary arteries

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55
Q

what are the non-modifiable risk factors of CAD?

A

-age
-gender
-family hx
-ethnicity

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56
Q

what are the modifiable risk factors of CAD?

A

-high cholesterol
-smoking
-hypertension
-hyperglycemia
-obesity
-physical activity
-stress

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57
Q

which cholesterol do pts want high?

A

HDL

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58
Q

decrease supply of blood flow/oxygen, increased demand for flow/oxygen

A

myocardial ischemia

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59
Q

what can myocardial ischemia cause?

A

atherosclerosis
thrombus formation
vasoconstriction

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60
Q

within 10 seconds you will start having what?

A

ischemia

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61
Q

how long are cardiac cells viable?

A

20 minutes

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62
Q

chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia
-insufficient coronary blood flow results in decrease oxygen supply to meet the myocardial demand for O2

A

angina pectoris

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63
Q

what factors can cause anginal pain

A

-physical exertion
-exposure to cold
-eating a heavy meal
-stress or emotional situation

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64
Q

predictable pain on exertion
-stops after 3-5 minutes after doing activites

A

stable

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65
Q

unpredictable (variant or vasospatic)
caused by vasospasm

A

prinzmetal

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66
Q

what medication can help with prinzmetal?

A

calcium channel blockers

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67
Q

EKG changes but no reported symptoms

A

silent ischemia

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68
Q

occurs at rest or during minimal activity; increasing severity or frequency

A

unstable (preinfarction)

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69
Q

what are will women complain of with angina?

A

fatigue

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70
Q

what do elderly pts complain of with angina?

A

SOB

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71
Q

what are some preventions for angina?

A

-dash diet
-exercise
-med
-tabacco cessation
-managing htn
-controlling dm
-managing stress

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72
Q

how to evaluate of chest pain?

A

-physical assessment (ausculation)
-EKG
-lab
-stress test
-echo
-coronary angiography

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73
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of angina?

A

-indigestion
-chocking or heavy pressure in sternum
-radiate to neck, jaw, shoulders, arms, usually left arm
-weakness or numbness in arms, wrists, and hands
-sob, pallor, diaphoresis
-dizziness, N/V

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74
Q

What EKG assessment is ischemia?

A

ST depression

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75
Q

Which EKG assessment is injury/MI?

A

ST elevation

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76
Q

How many minutes have to pass to have injury/MI and you will have permanent damage to the heart?

A

21 minutes

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77
Q

Which lab shows cardiac injury?

A

troponin

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78
Q

Around which amount do we want HDLs?

A

> 40-50

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79
Q

what do LDLs do?

A

transport cholesterol into the cell

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80
Q

what do HDLs do?

A

cholesterol goes into the liver and out of the body

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81
Q

what are the medications for cholesterol?

A

lipid lowering agents
(-statins) Atravastatin

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82
Q

B-vitamin increase HDLs

A

niacin

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83
Q

lower cholesterol synthesis; watch liver enzymes

A

fibrates(gemfibrozil)

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84
Q

what should you monitor when taking statins?

A

liver function test

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85
Q

when should monitor liver enzymes?

A

every 6 weeks then every 6 months

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86
Q

how do they perform the stress test?

A

exercise/dye/MRI

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87
Q

how do they perform echo?

A

they evaluate wall motion, valve function, blood flow

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88
Q

how to they perform angiography?

A

contrast/coronary vessels/occlusion

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89
Q

what is the primary aim in therapy for myocardial ischemia and angina in reducing myocardial oxygen consumption?

A

decrease bp
decrease hr
assist contractility
decrease left ventricular volume

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90
Q

what are the nursing intervention in chest pain?

A

-oxygen
-pain assessment (position, quality, radiation/relief) severity, timing
-vital signs
-monitor respiratory status
-12 lead EKG
-nitroglycerin

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91
Q

what medication helps decrease preload and in higher doses decrease the afterload, they also reduce myocardial O2 consumption and decreases ischemia and relieves pain

A

nitroglycerin

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92
Q

what medication should not being taken within 4 hours of erectile dysfunction med?

A

nitroglycerin

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93
Q

how should nitroglycerin be stored?

A

brown/glass vile protected from the sun

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94
Q

how do you know if nitroglycerin is expired?

A

it doesn’t sting/burn

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95
Q

how do you take nitroglycerin?

A

sublingual

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96
Q

how many times can you take nitroglycerin if pain is persitant?

A

3 tabs and 5 minute intervals

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97
Q

what are the side effects of nitroglycerin?

A

headache**
flushing
decrease bp
tachycardia

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98
Q

reduce myocardial O2 consumption blocking beta-adrenergic sympathetic stimulation
-reduces HR
-reduces bp
-reduces contractility

A

beta blockers

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99
Q

what can beta blockers cause in people with asthma?

A

bronchospasms

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100
Q

what can beta blockers cause in people with diabetes?

A

masks signs of hypoglycemia

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101
Q

can you abruptly stop beta blockers?

A

no, it’ll cause rebound hypertension

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102
Q

what are nursing interventions when taking beta blockers?

A

monitor hr
check bp
monitor for bronchospasm
monitor glucose levels

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103
Q

helps slow down the impulse of the SA node, decrease HR, decrease BP, relax the blood vessels

A

calcium channel blockers

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104
Q

what medication is not recommended to take with grapefuit juice or grapefruit?

A

calcium channel blocker

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105
Q

what are the side effects of calcium channel blocker?

A

dizziness, decrease bp

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106
Q

prevents platelet activation

A

aspirin

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107
Q

platelet aggregate
can be used with aspirin or alone

A

clopidogrel (plavex)

108
Q

what should you monitor on patients taking aspirin and clopidogrel (plavex)

A

increase chance for bleeding

109
Q

how should you manage angina at home?

A

-reduce activities that cause chest pain or SOB
-avoid extreme temperatures
-maintain regular bp
-avoid otc meds that can increase bp
-stop smoking
-take prescribed meds
-keep nitroglycerin

110
Q

abruptly deprived of oxygen, the longer the vessels are occluded the more damage

A

myocardial infarction

111
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of a myocardial infarction?

A

-sudden chest pain
-no to rest or medication
-SOB, dyspnea, tachypnea
-n/v
-decrease urinary output
-cool, clammy, diaphoretic pale skin
-anxiety, restlessness, fear

112
Q

how much should the urinary output be?

A

30ml/hr

113
Q

what is the nursing care for MI?

A

-bed rest
-stool softner
eduction on
-diet
-caffeine
-smoking cessation
-exercise
-s/s of recurrent MI

114
Q

mona

A

morphine-decrease preload, decrease workload
oxygen
nitrates
aspirin

115
Q

what medication can you take for MI?

A

ace inhibitors-decrease bp & cardiac workload
beta blockers

116
Q

what is the goal for pts with MI?

A

cardiac rehab
return client to work and pre-illness lifestyle

117
Q

looks for blockages
NPO (8-12hours)

A

CCCA
cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography

118
Q

what should patient be asked before going in for a CCCA?

A

if they’re allergic to dye, shellfish

119
Q

what medication should be stopped 48 hours before going in for a CCCA?

A

metformin

120
Q

what are the nursing interventions for post op on a CCCA?

A

-assess catheter site for bleeding or hematoma
-check peripheral pulses, color, temp, pain, or numbness
-monitor for dysrhythmias
-bed rest 2-6 hours
-keep affected extremity straight
-HOB no higher than 30º
-encourage fluids to flush out dye
- ensure safety

121
Q

what are patients at great risk post op of CCCA?

A

bleeding

122
Q

opens a blockage w/stent or balloon
stents are medicated antiplatelet medication

A

PCI/PTCA

123
Q

reroute the blood flow with bypass

A

coronary artery bypass

124
Q

leaflets of the mitral valve billow upward into the atrium

A

mitral valve prolapse

125
Q

control the blood flow through the heart

A

heart valves

126
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of mitral valve prolapse?

A

often asymptomatic
palpatations
tachycardia
fatigue
weakness
chest tightness
anxiety
depression
chest pain

127
Q

what is the diagnostic for mitral valve prolapse?

A

echocardiogram

128
Q

what should be avoided when having mitral valve prolapse?

A

hypovolemia

129
Q

the valve orifice is constricted or narrowed, blood can’t flow through efficiently, pressure in chamber builds up and can lead to hypertrophy

A

stenosis

130
Q

valves don’t completely shut all the way, blood flows freely on its own. increase volume the heart has to pump, increase workload

A

regurgitation

131
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of a valve disorder?

A

dyspnea
weakness/fatigue
murmurs
chest pain

132
Q

what medications can be used for valve disorders?

A

diuretics
cardiac glycosides
b-blockers
prophylactic antibiotics

133
Q

will make a click sound/more durable, is used more in younger patients

A

mechanical valve

134
Q

less likely to cause thrombus, replaced more frequently

A

tissue valves

135
Q

used from a pig or cow

A

xenografts

136
Q

human cadaver or tissue donation

A

homografts

137
Q

patient’s own valve

A

autografts

138
Q

which valve replacement will need to be on long term anticoagulation

A

mechanical valve

139
Q

is most often caused by CAD, HTN, or valve disorders

A

heart failure

140
Q

what are some systemic conditions of heart failure?

A

-fever
-hypoxia and anemai
-dysrhythmias
-electrolyte abnormalities
-renal failure
-thyroid problem

141
Q

what are the symptoms of left heart failure?

A

-cough will start dry then it will progress to a pink frothy sputum
-dyspnea on exertion
-orthopnea
-paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
-oliguria
-confusion, anxiety, restlessness
-cyanosis

142
Q

is pulmonary edema part of left heart failure or right heart failure?

A

left heart failure

143
Q

what are the early stages of pulmonary edema?

A

-dry, hacking cough
-fatigue
-wt gain
-worsening edema
-degree of dyspnea

144
Q

what is the key to pulmonary edema?

A

prevention

145
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of right heart failure?

A

JVD
dependent edema (LE)
hepatomegaly
ascites
weakness, anoerxia, wt gain

146
Q

what is the hallmark sign of right heart failure?

A

edema (feet, ankles, legs)

147
Q

what are the diagnostics for heart failure?

A

B-type natriuretic peptide-BNP

148
Q

what is the priority nursing assessment when having edema?

A

skin assessment

149
Q

what is the nursing management for heart failure in hospital setting?

A

i&o
daily weight
lung assessment
assess for JVD
assess and evaluate dependent edema
close monitor VS (O2**)
skin turgor
s/s fluid overload
electrolyte monitoring
turn patient frequently to shift fluid

150
Q

what should patients be taught to do when going home with heart failure?

A

daily weight
same time
same scale

151
Q

how does medications help with heat failure?

A

reduce workload by reducing preload and afterload

152
Q

what medications are used for heart failure?

A

ace inhibitors (captopril)
arbs (losartan)
beta blockers
alpha/beta blockers

153
Q

promote vasodilation and diuresis
excrete Na+ & retain K+

A

ace inhibitors

154
Q

what is a warning sign that the medication ace inhibitor isn’t working properly?

A

dry persistent cough

155
Q

what medication can cause birth defects?

A

ace inhibitors
arbs

156
Q

what are the side effects of ace inbibitors?

A

dizziness
orthostatic hypotension

157
Q

cardiac glycoside used for systolic heart failure, a-fib, and flutter

A

digoxin

158
Q

what medication increases myocardial contraction and decreases ventricular rate
-promotes diuresis

A

digoxin

159
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity?

A

fatigue
depression
malaise
n/v, anorexia
changes in heart rhythm

160
Q

what lab should you monitor with digoxin?

A

potassium

161
Q

what is the antidote for digoxin?

A

digibind

162
Q

what are the medical management of heart failure?

A

diuretics
anticoagulants
low sodium diet

163
Q

treating congestive heart failure

A

upright position
nitrates
lasix
oxygen
ace inhibitors
digoxin
fluids (decrease)
afterload (decrease)
sodium restriction
test

164
Q

what tips for physical activity?

A

warm up-exercise
avoid extreme heat, cold, humid weather
should be able to talk during exercise
wait 2 hours after eating to exercise
stop activity if sob, pain, or dizziness
cool down period

165
Q

build up of atherosclerosis or fatty substances lipids and plaque in the peripheral vessels

A

peripheral vascular disease

166
Q

pain in extremities with exercise; well relieved by rest

A

intermittent claudication

167
Q

-skin and temp changes
-cool and pale
-white or blanched appearance when elevated
-rubor
-cyanosis
-gangrenous changes
-loss of hair
-brittle nails
-dry,shiny,scaly skin
-bruits

A

peripheral arterial disease

168
Q

nursing assessment of peripheral arterial disease

A

pulse changes
-presence or absense
-0 to 4+ scale
-droppler to detect flow

169
Q

what are the risk factors for PAD?

A

-nicotine use
-hyperlipidemia
-hypertension
-diabetes
-stress
-sedentary lifestyle/obesity

170
Q

what are nursing intervensions for arterial insufficiency?

A

-lower extremity to increase perfusion
-no constrictive clothing; no crossing legs
-protective shoes; foot care; meticulous hygiene

171
Q

what are medications for peripheral vascular disease?

A

antiplatelets (clopidogrel and aspirin)
diabetes medication
lipid lowering agents

172
Q

what are the surgical interventions for peripheral vascular disease?

A

aorto-iliac
aorto-femoral
femoral-popliteal

173
Q

what are the nursing considerations for patients after peripheral vascular surgery?

A

no crossing let
check pulse
temperature
color
check pulse every hour for the first hours
then every 4 hours for the remainder of the 24 hours

174
Q

chronic venous stasis
edema
brownish discoloration
pain

A

venous insufficiency

175
Q

what are the nursing management of venous insufficiency?

A

-elevate extemities
-foot pumping
-avoid crossing legs
-avoid constrictive clothing
-compression stockings

176
Q

intermittent claudication pain
no edema
no pulse or weak pulse
no drainage
round smooth sores
black eschar
location of sores: toes and feet

A

arterial

177
Q

dull, achy pain
lower leg edema
pulse present, drainage
sores with irregular borders
yellow slough or ruddy skin
location of sores: ankles

A

venous

178
Q

venous stasis
vessel wall injury
altered blood coagulation

A

DVT

179
Q

what are the signs of DVT?

A

lower extremity
limb pain
heaviness
swelling, redness, warmth
tenderness
difference in leg circumference

180
Q

what are the risk factors to DVT?

A

immobility
major surgery
fracture pelvis
prostate surgery
bed rest
oral contraceptives

181
Q

what medication can cause DVT?

A

oral contraceptives

182
Q

what is the diagnostic for DVT?

A

venous doppler

183
Q

how to prevent DVT?

A

elastic compression stocking
active and passive leg exercise
early ambulation
TCDB
enoxaparin

184
Q

what are treatments for DVT?

A

heparin
warfarin
enoxaparin

185
Q

what lab is used for heparin?

A

anti-xa every 6 hours

186
Q

what is the lab used for coumadin/warfarin?

A

pt & inr

187
Q

what is the antidote for heparin?

A

prodamine sulfate

188
Q

what is the antidote for warfarin/coumadin?

A

vitamin k
ffp

189
Q

what do you monitor for enoxaparin?

A

platelets

190
Q

how often are labs required for people on coumadin/warfarin?

A

every week

191
Q

heparin induced?

A

thrombocytopenia

192
Q

what should you avoid if taking antiplatelets?

A

nsaids

193
Q

what are patients at higher risk when taking antiplatelets/anticoagulants?

A

bleeding

194
Q

what are some patient eduction when taking anticoagulants?

A

avoid alcohol
do not stop unless directed
consider wearing an ID band

195
Q

decrease amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the body
decrease hemoglobin=decrease O2

A

anemia

196
Q

what are the common causes of anemia?

A

-acute blood loss (trauma, sudden blood loss)
-decreased or faulty RBC
-destruction of RBC

197
Q

destruction of red blood cells

A

hemolysis

198
Q

what labs check for anemia?

A

h&h (cbc)
iron

199
Q

what are the chronic types of anemia?

A

Cancer
Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Renal disease
Liver disease
Autoimmune conditions

200
Q

what are the risk factors of acute anemia?

A

-surgical patient
-active bleeding-trauma
-immunocompromised patient

201
Q

what are the nutritional deficiency?

A

iron
folate
vit b

202
Q

what is the hereditary anemia?

A

sickle cell
thalassemia

203
Q

what are the symptoms of anemia?

A

-fatigue
-dyspnea
-disrythmeias
-chest pain
-cold extremities

204
Q

what can people with anemia crave?

A

-dirt
-clay
-ice

205
Q

what are the treatments of anemia?

A

administer blood products
hematopoiteic drug
encourage diet rich in the deficient nutrient
control the source of acute bleeding

206
Q

what is considered anemic

A

<10

207
Q

what is absorbed better by the body?

A

animal based products

208
Q

what does the body use to make hemoglobin?

A

iron

209
Q

how should iron supplements be taken?

A

on an empty stomach
w/vitamin c or orange juice

210
Q

what should be avoided while on iron supplements?

A

milk
calcium

211
Q

what foods are rich in iron?

A

Oysters Canned Tomatoes
White Beans Beef
Dark Chocolate Potatoes
Beef Liver Cashews
Lentils Fortified Breakfast Cereal
Eggs
Spinach
Tofu
Kidney Beans
Sardines
Chickpeas

212
Q

inadequate intake of b12
or lack of absorption

A

macrocytic anemia

213
Q

deficiency of intrinsic factor

A

pernicious anemia

214
Q

what is the assessment for b12 deficiency?

A

severe pallor
fatigue
wt loss
smooth, beefy red tongue

215
Q

absorb iron and folate from the diet in?

A

proximal small intestine

216
Q

what color are red blood cells?

A

red

217
Q

what color are platelets?

A

yellow

218
Q

how much plasma?

A

55%

219
Q

how much of the buffy coat?

A

1%

220
Q

how much of the red blood cells?

A

45%

221
Q

what is in the plasma?

A

water
salts/minerals
proteins

222
Q

what is in the buffy coat?

A

wbc
platelets

223
Q

what is in the red blood cells?

A

red blood cells

224
Q

why is plasma given?

A

for volume

225
Q

how much does a whole bag of whole blood hold?

A

+/-500cc

226
Q

what are rbc’s most important job in the body?

A

transporting O2, perfusion

227
Q

what should always be done before administering RBCs?

A

cross and match

228
Q

what color is plasma?

A

yellow

229
Q

how is ffp stored?

A

usually frozen and thawed to give

230
Q

how much does the bag of ffp hold?

A

150-200cc

231
Q

how much does a bag of platelets hold?

A

50cc

232
Q

when hypertension causes damage to other organs?

A

complicated hypertension

233
Q

which part of the heart pushes blood out to the rest of the body?

A

left ventricle

234
Q

what is the diet that includes veggies, low in dairy, total carbs, and fats?

A

dash diet

235
Q

places besides a saltshaker that you find Na+

A

processed canned foods

236
Q

what side effect included orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, vertigo, tachyardia?

A

alpha blockers

237
Q

monitor K+ level with what med?

A

furosemide

238
Q

what diuretic that is primary used for HTN?

A

hydrocholorthiazide

239
Q

what is it called when you have a decrease in BP systolic 20mmHg or greater or diastolic 10mmHg

A

orthostatic hypotension

240
Q

primary nursing intervention for orthostatic hypotension?

A

safety
fall risk

241
Q

true or false vasoconstriction leave to HTN

A

true

242
Q

what is it called when you have accumulation of lipid, fatty substances in the vessel walls?

A

athrosclerosis

243
Q

what are age, gender, ethnicity

A

non modifable

244
Q

the cholesterol that we what high?

A

HDL

245
Q

what do we call inadequte blood flow or o2 content?

A

ischemia

246
Q

which angina is predictable chest pain on exertion?

A

stable

247
Q

how many doses of nitro can be taken?
how many minutes apart?
what kind of container?
how to know if its expired?

A

3tabs
5min
dark/glass
doesn’t burn or sting

248
Q

what med cannot be given within 4 hours of erectile dysfunction med?

A

nitroglycerin

249
Q

what major side effect for nitroglycerin?

A

headache

250
Q

this is indicated injury or infarction on EKG?

A

ST elevation

251
Q

what the specific lab to identify heart injury?

A

troponin

252
Q

what is the lab to identify heart failure

A

BNP

253
Q

what diagnostic test is used to look at heart wall, motion, valve function?

A

echocardiogran

254
Q

what lab is monitored when administering enoxaparin?

A

platelets

255
Q

acronym of MI

A

mona

256
Q

why is aspirin given?

A

flowing of blood

257
Q

what should urine output be?

A

30ml/hr

258
Q

when heart valve never completly closes and blood continues to flow even when flow should be shut?

A

regurgitation

259
Q

what is vitamin k antidote?

A

warfarin/coumidin

260
Q

signs of SOB, wheezing

A

left sided heart failure

261
Q

classic assessment finding right side heart failure

A

edema

262
Q

astha patients shouldnt take

A

beta blockers

263
Q

DC pt goes home what should nurse teach about fluid balance?

A

same scale
same time everydat

264
Q

leg pain induced by walking and subsides upon rest

A

intermittent claudication

265
Q

use of this med puts individuals at risk for DVT

A

oral contraceptives

CVPV/Anemia/Blood products (1 decks)

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