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Pediatrics > CVPR Exam 2 > Flashcards

CVPR Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

2-6 years old, sudden fever, refuses to eat, mouth hurts, muffled voice, drooling, insists on sitting up

A

Epiglottitis

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2
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia a in kids aged 1 month- 5 years

A

RSV

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3
Q

Most common cause of lower respiratory tract in children younger than one year

A

RSV

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4
Q

full term baby, tachypnea, nasal flaring, grunting, cyanosis on room air, intercostal muscle contraction

A

Transient tachypnea of the newborn: inadequate clearing of fetal lung fluid

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5
Q

Drugs used to treat TB?

A

ethambutol, isonazid, pyrazinamide, rifampin

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6
Q

Peaks in winter and early spring, recent URI, fever, cough and chest pain

A

Bronchitis, treatment is supportive

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7
Q

cold, fever, tough, no appetite, chest hurts, intercostal retractions, grunting, crackles

A

bacterial pneumonia

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8
Q

Most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in neonate?

A

e. coli, group B strep, M or C pneumonia, klebsiella

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9
Q

Most common cause of viral pneumonia in neonate?

A

Herpes or RSV

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10
Q

Most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in 1 month - 5 year old?

A

strep pneumoniae, H influenza, staph aureus

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11
Q

Most common cause of viral pneumonia in 1 month - 5 year old?

A

RSV!!!

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12
Q

Most common cause of community acquired pneumonia in school aged teens?

A

chlamydia and mycoplasma

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13
Q

Most common cause of bacteria pneumonia in school aged teens?

A

strep pneumoniae

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14
Q

Most common cause of viral pneumonia in school aged teens?

A

rhinovirus, influenza, adenovirus

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15
Q

forced expiration against party closed glottis?

A

Grunts

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16
Q

inspiratory sound of partly obstructed extra-thoracic airway

A

stridor

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17
Q

partial obstruction of the lower airway heard on exhalation

A

wheeze

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18
Q

fluid or secretion int he alveolar spaces that may clear with a cough

A

rhonchi

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19
Q

most common risk factor for children with OSA

A

adenotonsillar hypertrophy

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20
Q

cough that sounds like a seal?

A

croup

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21
Q

steeple sign on x-ray

A

croup

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22
Q

meconium staining

A

clue that baby was in respiratory distress before birth

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23
Q

red, dry, cracked lips, strawberry tongue, swollen red skin on palms and soles, peeling skin

A

Kawasaki Syndrome

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24
Q

this heart sound is normally split with inspiration and single on expiration in children

A

S2

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25
Q

left to right shunt

A

Acyanotic heart defects

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26
Q

rough machinery murmur best heard at 2nd intercostal space of LSB, inferior to left clavicle, Decrescendo, often diastolic murmur at apex

A

patent ductus arteriousus

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27
Q

most common congenital heart defect

A

VSD: ventricular septal defect (second is the ASD)

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28
Q

systolic ejection click with wide S2 split, rough systolic murmur

A

pulmonary valve stenosis

29
Q

systolic ejection murmur at aortic area along LLSB, heard best in left axilla and in left back

A

coarctation of the aorta

30
Q

systolic crescendo-decrescendo

A

aortic stenosis

31
Q

most common cause of HTN in children?

A

obesity, body size

32
Q

better heard sitting, disappears in supine position and when child turns neck

A

venous hum, best heard in neck and upper chest

33
Q

noisy, rough and dissonant, systolic murmur heard at 2nd intercostal space of LSB, S2 split in heard and varies with respiration, murmur is loudest supine and increases with exhale

A

pulmonary flow murmur (similar to ASD, if the S2 split is wide and fixed then think ASD)

34
Q

systolic ejection low pitched murmur heard best at the LUSB, murmur transmitted to both infra-clavicular regions, axilla, and back

A

peripheral pulmonary arterial stenosis murmur

35
Q

heard best at apex and transmits to LLSB, medium pitched and musical, loudest when child is supine, may decrease when sitting up but does not go away entirely

A

Stills (vibratory) murmur

36
Q

systolic murmur heard best in neck above the clavicles, radiates to neck and upper chest. Present both supine and sitting but disappears/diminishes with hyperextension of shoulders

A

supraclavicular systolic murmur or carotid bruit

37
Q

friction rub w/ chest pain, leaning forward makes it feel better

A

acute pericarditis

38
Q

most common cause of sudden death in young athletes

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

39
Q

murmur heard with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

systolic murmur that gets louder with valsalva, rapid murmur makes it softer

40
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy on ECG?

A

LVH, prominent Q waves, deep T wave inversion

41
Q

extremely tender scrotal sac, absent cremasteric reflex, one teste higher than the other, scrotum is swollen and discolored

A

testicular torsion

42
Q

Afebrile child with appetite decrease, stomach hurts, urine dipstick shows + leukocyte esterase, + nitrates, blood +1 and protein +1 (no casts seen on urine microscope)

A

UTI

43
Q

intact foreskin, urinating “all over” the bathroom, physical exam shows urethral meatus in an abnormal location

A

hypospadias

44
Q

unable to palpate testicles in male toddler, perhaps undecended

A

cryptorchidism

45
Q

what is veisocoureteral reflux?

A

abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back up the ureters, increasing the risk of UTI which can cause ESRD if left untreated

46
Q

Quick description of renal tubular acidosis

A

hyperchloremic, non-anion gap, metabolic acidosis

47
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

inability of kidneys to concentrate urine d/t inappropriate ADH

48
Q

What is Bartter Syndrome?

A

defect in furosemide sesitive Na-K-2Cl transporter leading to polyuria, dehydration, hypokalemic alkalosis

49
Q

What syndrome is shown as: dehydration, constipation, vomiting, muscle weakness, polydipsia, polyuria, salt craving, urine Ca wasting, FTT, short stature, hyper reninemia, and no HTN, and diagnosed with polyhydramnios at birth

A

Bartter’s Syndrome

50
Q

What is Gitelman Syndrome?

A

similar to Bartter’s but more mild, defect in thiazide sensitive NaCl transporter, high renin, no HTN, hypokalemic metabolic acidosis, low Mg levels

51
Q

What is Liddle Sydrome?

A

HTN, metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, primary increase in collecting duct Na reabsorption and K secretion

52
Q

Hyper-Aldosternism?

A

hypokalemia and alkalosis + HTN

53
Q

What is Wilm’s tumor?

A

Nephroblastoma, the most common form of kidney cancer. Associatd with birth defects such as hypspadias and aniridia (absence of iris in the eye), peaks at age 3

54
Q

most common cause of post infection glomerulonephritis?

A

group A beta-hemolytic streptococci

55
Q

kidney problem in child 1-4 weeks after strep infection with coca-cola urine, abdominal pain and puffy face, red casts in urine

A

post-strep glomerulonephritis

56
Q

What is alport syndrome?

A

thin basement membrane disease/benign familial hematuria disease, x linked inheritance of mutation of collagen

57
Q

boy with nephritis, nerve deafness, eyes show corneal dystrophy and lens dislocation, urine shows hematuria, proteinuria

A

Alport Syndrome

58
Q

What is hemolytic uremic syndrome?

A

most common cause of short term, acute renal failure in children. usually due to e. coli infection

59
Q

How would a patient with hemolytic uremic syndrome present?

A

pale, listless, covered in bruises, edematous arms and lefts, elevated BP, dark urine with minimal output, bloody diarrhea, with proteinuria and hematuria

60
Q

What is minimal change syndrome?

A

most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, relatively benign, characterized by diffuse effacement of foot processes/podocytes in glomerulus

61
Q

Child presents with albumin in urine and edema, there is no hematuria, she recently had prophylactic immunizations when you treat with corticosteroids she quickly gets better, what did she have?

A

minimal change nephrotic syndrome (often occurs after immunizations or URI)

62
Q

“active” urine sediments, red cell casts, leukocytes, presents clinically with hematuria, azotemia (diminished GFR, increased BUN/Cr), mild to moderate proteinuria, HTN, acute onset, oliguria (not enough pee)

A

nephritic syndrome

63
Q

Foul smelling greasy stool?

A

CF

64
Q

Is single S2 normal in children?

A

no, could be TGA

65
Q

rough machinery mumur, best heart at 2nd intercostal space of LSB, inferior to L clavicle, Decrescendo, often diastolic at apex

A

PDA

66
Q

pansystolic murmur along LLSB, 4th intercostal space

A

VSD, if large VSD the murmur may be palpable S2 with accented P2 and may be diastolic at apex and the child will look ill , SOB, FTT, have prominent precordium and bulging sternum

67
Q

What is the most common heart defect in Turner’s Syndrome?

A

coarctation of the aorta

68
Q

What is used to keep patent ductus arteriosus open?

A

prostoglandins

69
Q

What is the definitive test for acute pericarditis?

A

echo

Pediatrics (1 decks)

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