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Anatomy Midterm Questions > CVM 2024 Question Bank > Flashcards

CVM 2024 Question Bank Flashcards

1
Q

Which is true of the cleidocephalicus in horses?

  • a. It consists of the cleidomastoideus and cleidocervicalis.
  • b. It consists of the cleidomastoideus.
  • c. It consists of the cleidomastoideus and cleido-occipitalis.
  • d. It consists of the brachiocephalicus and cleidomastoideus.
A

B. It consists of the cleidomastoideus.

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2
Q

What artery is the main blood supply to the thoracic limb?

  • a. Subclavian artery
  • b. Median artery
  • c. Axillary artery
  • d. Deep brachial artery
  • e. Transverse cubital artery
A

c. Axillary artery

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3
Q

Which of these structures is the most proximal?

a. Supraglenoid tubercle
b. Olecranon tubercle
c. Accessory carpal bone
d. Proximal sesamoid bones

A

a. Supraglenoid tubercle

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4
Q

Which nerve passes over metacarpal 2 in horses?

a. Medial palmar metacarpal nerve
b. Radial nerve
c. Palmar branch of ulnar nerve
d. Ulnar nerve

A

a. Medial palmar metacarpal nerve

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5
Q

The serratus ventralis m. is innervated by which nerve(s)?

a. Dorsal branches of thoracic nerves
b. Ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves
c. Long thoracic nerve
d. Cranial pectoral nerves
e. A and B
f. B and C

A

b. Ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves

c. Long thoracic nerve

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6
Q

Which structure is located in the diaphysis of the humerus?

a. Trochlea
b. Greater tubercle
c. Medial epicondyle
d. Deltoid tuberosity

A

d. Deltoid tuberosity

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7
Q

Which species would have the least number of intercarpal joints?

a. Bovine
b. Equine
c. Canine
d. Feline

A

a. Bovine

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8
Q

The superficial digital flexor is connected to the radius by the______.

a. Palmar carpal ligament
b. Proximal check ligament
c. Deep digital flexor

A

b. Proximal check ligament

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9
Q

Which of the following is not an attachment of the lateral collateral ligament?

a. Lateral epicondyle
b. Coracoid process
c. Annular ligament
d. Coronoid process

A

b. Coracoid process

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10
Q

What artery does the thoracodorsal nerve run along, and what does it supply?

a. Trapezius
b. Deltoideus
c. Brachialis
d. Latissimus dorsi

A

d. Latissimus dorsi

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11
Q

What autonomous zone is supplied by the ulnar nerve?

a. Caudal cutaneous antebrachial zone
b. Medial cutaneous antebrachial zone
c. Lateral cutaneous antebrachial zone
d. Cranial cutaneous antebrachial zone

A

a. Caudal cutaneous antebrachial zone

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12
Q

Which of the following carpal bones are fused in bovine?

a. Radial & intermediate carpal bones
b. Intermediate & ulnar carpal bones
c. Carpal bones 1 & 2
d. Carpal bones 2 & 3

A

d. Carpal bones 2 & 3

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13
Q

Which of the following attaches to the accessory carpal bone AND the proximal surface of the most lateral metacarpal bone?

a. Flexor carpi radialis
b. Flexor carpi ulnaris
c. Ulnaris lateralis
d. Extensor carpi radialis

A

c. Ulnaris lateralis

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14
Q

The extensor group in ruminants consists of which of the following? (circle all that apply)

a. Ulnaris lateralis
b. Abductor digiti 1 longus
c. Extensor carpi obliquus
d. Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

a. Ulnaris lateralis

c. Extensor carpi obliquus

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15
Q

Which autonomous zone is innervated by the ulnar nerve?

a. Medial cutaneous antebrachial
b. Lateral cutaneous antebrachial
c. Cranial cutaneous antebrachial
d. Caudal cutaneous antebrachial

A

d. Caudal cutaneous antebrachial

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16
Q

Which autonomous zone is innervated by the axillary nerve?

a. Cranial cutaneous antebrachial
b. Lateral cutaneous antebrachial
c. Caudal cutaneous antebrachial
d. Medial cutaneous antebrachial

A

a. Cranial cutaneous antebrachial

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17
Q

Which autonomous zone is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?

a. Lateral cutaneous antebrachial
b. Cranial cutaneous antebrachial
c. Medial cutaneous antebrachial
d. Caudal cutaneous antebrachial

A

c. Medial cutaneous antebrachial

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18
Q

Which nerve innervates the lateral cutaneous antebrachial autonomous zone?

a. Ulnar nerve
b. Radial nerve
c. Median nerve
d. Subscapular nerve

A

b. Radial nerve

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19
Q

The ___________ and ___________ are the only two muscles in the thoracic limb that flex the neck laterally.

a. Omotransversarius; trapezius
b. Trapezius; subclavius
c. Omotransversarius; brachiocephalicus
d. Trapezius; brachiocephalicus

A

c. Omotransversarius; brachiocephalicus

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20
Q

Where does the supraspinatus muscle insert in equines?

a. Greater tubercle
b. Lesser tubercle
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

A

c. Both a & b

21
Q

What is the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor?

a. Interosseous ligament
b. Distal check ligament
c. Suspensory ligament
d. Flexor manica

A

b. Distal check ligament

22
Q

What clinical sign can be observed with rupture of the suspensory ligament?

a. Dropping of the fetlock joint
b. Tip of the hoof points upward
c. Dorsal buckling of the pastern joint
d. Caudal buckling of the pastern joint

A

a. Dropping of the fetlock joint

23
Q

When does the medial palmar nerve become medial palmar digital nerve in the horse?

a. Pastern joint
b. Fetlock joint
c. Elbow joint
d. Proximal phalangeal joint

A

b. Fetlock joint

24
Q

Which of the following statements about chondroitin sulfate is FALSE:

It is usually attached to proteins in proteoglycan

It is mostly found in cartilage

It is mostly found in bone

It is mostly found in synovial fluid

A

It is mostly found in synovial fluid

25
Q

Which of these muscles is NOT innervated by the axillary nerve?

Teres Minor

Teres Major

Tensor Fasciae Antebrachii

Deltoideus

A

Tensor Fasciae Antebrachii

26
Q

Which of the following enzymes aids with catabolism of glycogen into glucose molecules?

Glycogen synthase

Glucose-6-phosphatase

Glycosyltransferase

None of the above

A

Glucose-6-phosphatase

27
Q

True or False:

qPCR uses reverse transcription to convert a template of RNA into single-stranded DNA

28
Q

When a neuron is damaged in the CNS, which of the following events occur?

Macrophages enter site of injury to digest debris

Shorter internodal segments are formed after axon regrows

Schwann cells divide to bridge gap between ends of damaged axon

Glial cells overgrow and result in glial scarring

A

Glial cells overgrow and result in glial scarring

29
Q

The brachial artery branches into all of the following EXCEPT:

Transverse cubital artery

Caudal circumflex humeral artery

Cranial circumflex humeral artery

Bicipital

A

Caudal circumflex humeral artery

30
Q

Which branch of the cephalic vein is distal to the branch of the median cubital vein on the limb?

Axillobrachial

Accessory cephalic

Omobrachial

External jugular

A

Accessory cephalic v.

31
Q

Generating “wave-function” where a signal starts on a superficial layer of cells and travels deep into the tissue is characteristic of what type of muscle?

Skeletal muscle

Cardiac muscle

Multiunit smooth muscle

Single-unit smooth muscle

A

Single-unit smooth muscle

32
Q

In a slide of duodenum at 100x magnification, which of the numbers correctly identifies the nucleus of a Schwann cell?

1

2

3

4

33
Q

Which of the following is most likely observed during the fasting state?

Increased liver glycolysis

Increased amounts of CCK acting on the gallbladder

Increased secretin acting on the gallbladder

Increased adipocyte lipase

A

Increased adipocyte lipase

34
Q

Which statement about amino acid digestion is FALSE?

Most amino acids are made with intermediates from the TCA cycle

Adipose tissue converts free fatty acids to acetyl CoA

Insulin stimulates amino acid uptake and protein synthesis

Liver converts acetyl CoA to ketone bodies

A

Adipose tissue converts free fatty acids to acetyl CoA

35
Q

Neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine possess all the following characteristics EXCEPT:

Stored in large dense vesicles

Stored in small clear vesicles

Synthesized in the pre-synaptic terminal

Released in response to low stimulation

A

Stored in large dense vesicles

36
Q

True or False:

The end plate potential (EPP) is an action potential that releases Ach at the neuromuscular junction.

A

False- not an AP

37
Q

Which of the following are responsible for detecting velocity and length of change during muscle contraction?

Sensory afferent neurons in the muscle spindle

Gamma motor neurons in the muscle spindle

Sensory afferent neurons in the golgi tendon organ

Gamma motor neurons in the golgi tendon organ

A

Sensory afferent neurons in the muscle spindle

38
Q

During muscle contraction, which of the following events does NOT occur?

Calcium binds to troponin C on thin filaments

Calcium channels are opened due to depolarization of sarcolemma and T-tubules

Calcium binds to tropomyosin C on thin filaments

Calcium is reaccumulated by the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Calcium binds to tropomyosin C on thin filaments

39
Q

Which of the following hormones acts in a positive feedback loop?

Dopamine

Oxytocin

Vasopressin

Prolactin

40
Q

All of the following results in an increased blood volume EXCEPT:

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

Natriuretic Peptides

Thirst Center

Arginine Vasopressin

A

Natriuretic Peptides

41
Q

Which of the following lipid metabolite pathways produces substances that form an allergic response more potent than that of histamine?

Cyclooxygenase Pathway

Lipooxygenase Pathway

Epoxygenase Pathway

All of the above

A

Lipooxygenase Pathway

42
Q

Sphingomyelin contains all of the following components EXCEPT:

Ceramide

PO4

Choline

Glycerol

43
Q

Which part of the rhomboideus is not seen in carnivores?

Rhomboideus cervicis

Rhomboideus capitis

Rhomboideus thoracic

Carnivores possess all these parts of the rhomboideus

A

Carnivores possess all these parts of the rhomboideus

44
Q

In the NMJ, the junctional folds contain (2 answers):

A. Metabotropic receptors

B. Nicotinic receptors

C. Multiple synaptic inputs

D. Glial cells

E. Basement Membrane

A

B. Nicotinic receptors

E. Basement Membrane

45
Q

An endplate potential (EPP) is similiar to an action potential (AP) because:

A. Both EPP and AP depolarize the postsynaptic membrane

B. Both EPP and AP are all or none

C. Both EPP and AP lose signal as the depolarization signal moves across the post synaptic membrane.

A

A. Both EPP and AP depolarize the postsynaptic membrane

46
Q

In the NMJ, acetylcholine

A. is stored in large, dense vesicles

B. is recycled by the presynaptic neuron

C. is metabolized by the post synaptic basement membrane

D. Activates voltage gated sodium channels

A

B. is recycled by the presynaptic neuron

47
Q

T or F:

More than one type of NT can be released on the cell body of an alpha motor neuron.

48
Q

What is the definition of a motor unit?

A. It is one muscle fiber and all of its synapses from an alpha motor neuron

B. It is one alphamotor neuron and all the muscle fibers it contacts

C. It is all the motor neurons that contact a single muscle

D. It is all motor neurons and all fibers within a single muslce

A

B. It is one alphamotor neuron and all the muscle fibers it contacts

Anatomy Midterm Questions (1 decks)

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