CVD Risk Reduction Flashcards
What are the non-modifiable risk factors for CVD?
Personal history of CVD
Family history of CVD
Age
Gender (women > men)
What are some modifiable risk factors for CVD?
Smoking Alcohol Hypertension Dyslipidaemia Diabetes Obesity Physical activity Thrombogenic factors Deprivation?
How do you assess someones CVD risk and what is involved?
ASSIGN score:
- age
- sex
- smoking
- systolic BP
- total cholesterol
- HDL cholesterol
- family history of premature CVD
- diabetes
- rheumatoid arthritis
- deprivation
What is the aim of primary prevention?
To reduce incidence in a population
before disease
What is the aim of secondary prevention?
Detection and treatment of pre-symptomatic disease
What is the aim of tertiary prevention?
Reduce incidence/recurrences of chronic incapacity among those with symptomatic disease
What are the SIGN key recommendations for overweight/obesity?
Target with interventions, aiming to reduce weight by 3 kg
What is the recommended amount of dietary saturated fat?
Men < 30g per day
Women < 20g per day
What is the recommended amount of dietary fish?
Twice per week, 1 of which is oily fish
What is the recommended amount of dietary salt?
< 6g per day
Which type of diet is recommended for CVD health?
Mediterranean
What is the recommended amount of physical activity per week?
150 mins moderate exercise OR 75 mins vigorous
Resistance training at least twice per week
Minimise time spent sedentary
Is there a role for anti platelet therapy in primary prevention of CVD?
Not recommended for primary prevention
If atherosclerosis –> 75mg aspirin daily
When should lipid lowering drugs be considered for primary prevention of CVD and what should be offered?
If at high risk and no evidence of CVD
Offer statin following discussion of risks/benefits
–> Atorvastatin 20mg/day
How might hyperlipidaemia manifest clinically?
Xanthomata
Xanthelasma
Corneal arcus
Milky blood/serum
