CVD IN PD

Question 1

What are the 4 factors that underlie the development of cardiovascular disease in patients on PD?

Answer 1

1. TRADITIONAL RISK FACTORS
2. UREMIA-SPECIFIC FACTORS
3. NOVEL RISK FACTORS
4. GENETIC FACTORS

Question 2

What are the 7 traditional risk factors?

Answer 2

1. DM
2. HPN
3. DYSLIPIDEMIA
4. SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE
5. LVH
6. MALE
7. INSULIN RESISTANCE

Question 3

What are the 6 uremia-specific factors?

Answer 3

1. anemia
2. phosphate retention
3. vascular calcification
4. uremic toxins
5. volume overload
6. hyperparathyroidism

Question 4

What are the 7 novel risk factors?

Answer 4

1. inflammation
2. oxidative stress
3. endothelial dysfunction
4. activation of the sympathetic nervous system
5. protein-energy wasting
6. carbamylation of proteins
7. epigenetic changes