CVB Professional Development Flashcards
Describe the Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital Study (1963)
At the Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital in New York, live cancer cells were injected into chronically ill and debilitated patients who were told they were recieving a skin test.
The purpose of the study was to learn more about the human immune system’s response to cancer
Describe the “Expedited” IRB review category
- Minimal risk, identifiable, more personal information than exempt category
- Reviewed in the office except for vulnerable populations
- If the expeditied reviewer does not approve, the study must go to the full board
What are the basic ethical principles and applications of the Belmont Report?
Ethical principles
- Respect for persons/patient autonomy
- Beneficience
- Justice
Applications
- Informed consent
- Assessment of Risks and Benefits
- Selection of Subject
Which “Regulatory Unit” would be involved in grant submission?
The OSR - Office of Sponsored Rsearch
Describe the “exempt” IRB review category
- Minimal Risk
- Belmont Principles still apply
- Does not apply to FDA regulated research unless it falls under emergency use
What are the 5 roles of the investigator/study team member in obtaining informed consent?
- Ensure that the participant understands all the information
- Facilitate participant’s decision without coercion or undue influence
- Use the most current version of the ICF document
- Answer all the participant’s questions
- Give the participant a copy of the signed ICF document (ensure that it is signed by both parties)
The National Research Act of 1974 was enacted in response to which unethical research study?
The Syphilis Study at Tuskegee (among others)
The Belmont Report was drafted in reaction to which unethical research study?
The Syphilis Study at Tuskegee (among others)
What study prompted the protection of pregnant women and fetuses under the common law?
The study of thalidomide and DES (Diethylsetilbestrol)
Which groups constitute “vulnerable populations” under the…
Belmont Report?
Common Rule?
Belmont Report
- Racial minorities
- The economically disadvantaged
- The very sick
- The institutionalized
Common Rule
- Pregnant women
- Fetuses
- Neonates
- Children
What is an IRB?
An Institutional Review Board is a committe established to review research involving human subjects
What are the 3 basic principles stated in the Belmont Report?
-
Respect for Persons
- Recognizing the autonomy and dignity of individuals
- Recognizing the need to protect those with diminished autonomy
- Voluntariness is important
-
Beneficence
- Obligation to protect persons from harm by maximizing benefits and minimizing risks
- Especially vulnerable populations
-
Justice
- Fair distribution of the benefits and burdens of research
- No populations of convenience
- Equal accessiblity to research
What does the Nuremberg Code state?
The voluntary consent of the human subjects is absolutely essential
What are the general steps for IRB submission at Northwestern?
- PI submits new application
-
IRB analyst pre-review
- Modifications may be required for formal review
- Assigned to reviewer or panel
- Changes may be requested
-
If approval criteria are met…
-
Goes on to post-approval
- Modifications
- Continuing Review
- Reportable new information
-
Goes on to post-approval
What is the significance of the Tuskegee study?
Black male prisoners were subjected to untreated Syphilis for 40 years as part of a research study
This eventually led to the Belmont report, which gives extra protections from research studies to racial minorities, prisoners, the very sick, and the intitutionalized